PROMETHEUS
11-14-2004, 15:42
it could be cool to make several historical dates to play ....
like
early expansion of rome in the italian peninsula , so having the romans in phalanxes ....
and the following nations
Liguria
A fierce tribe culturally related to the Celts. They occupied NW Italy and SE France. Although they lost coastal cities (Pisae and Luna) to the Romans, they proved very difficult to subdue and the eastern Ligurians were still stubbornly fighting mostly guerilla wars against the Romans well into the 2nd century BC, their western brethren even later. The Romans eventually had to resort to mass deportations and selling of prisoners into slavery. The Apuani, around the city of Luna, are the chief Ligurian tribe in the area covered by the map. The Friniates also long resisted the Romans, even capturing Mutina in 177BC.
Gallia Cispadana
The region between the Alps and Apennines was known as Gallia Cisalpina (‘this side of the Alps’), the area between the Po and the Apennines as Gallia Cispadana (‘this side of the Po’). The Gauls started occupying Gallia Cisalpina in the 6th Century BC and the movements continued for the next 2 centuries. The leading tribe south of the Po was the Boii, who made Felsina (later called Bononia then Bologna from them) their capital after capturing it from the Etruscans. Many Gallic invasions of Italy occurred in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. The Gallic tribes also fiercely resisted the later Roman expansion, defeating at least 3 consular armies, and the Boii were the last tribe to submit, in 191BC. Thereafter many Gauls were forced out and the remainder rapidly Romanized.
Senones
The Senones were the last Gallic tribe to settle in the area, in the 4th century BC. They defeated the Romans at the Allia in 386BC and sacked Rome. After some wandering, they settled in the area later known as the Ager Gallicus, around Sena and Ariminum. When the Romans eventually conquered this area, they exterminated or ejected the Gauls here and planted new colonies, such was their fear and hate of this tribe.
Celtic or Gallic warriors circa 200 BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Roman Officers circa 200BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Frentani
The Frentani lived on the Adriatic coast and after hostility to Rome in the 2nd Samnite War remained her allies until the Social War. Their chief city was probably Histonium although no one town seems to be pre-eminent.
Iapygia
This region came to be called Apulia, although the Apulians only came to dominate it late on. In our period the most important peoples were the Daunians around Arpi (aka Argyrippa) and Canusium, the Iapyges and the Peucetians. Canusium was a prominent city in the middle of the territory, near to which Hannibal won his famous victory of Cannae. The Tarentines made great efforts to dominate this area, against strong opposition from both locals and outsiders such as the Lucanians.
Calabria
Confusingly, in modern times the name Calabria applies to the ‘toe’ of Italy, but in this period it referred to the ‘heel’. This region was also known as Messapia from the Messapian/Sallentine tribes in the area. However, they were usually under the domination of the Greek colony of Tarentum (Taras in Greek). Tarentum made great efforts to dominate the south of the Italian peninsula, calling upon the help of a succession of Greek generals, the last and most famous of whom was Pyrrhos of Epeiros.
Campania
One of the most fertile areas in Italy, the interior was dominated by the Etruscans, the coast by Greek colonies, early in the period. The cities of both were gradually absorbed by the Oscan speaking interior tribes and a composite culture resulted. The Campanians thereafter were usually allied to Rome and played a major part in assisting Roman domination of the peninsula, Capua forming virtually a twin capital with Rome. However, Capua defected to Hannibal during his invasion and never regained its political influence. Cumae and Neapolis were the chief Greek coastal cities, and Nuceria dominated the southern part of the territory.
Lucania
Greek colonization began here in the 8th century BC, but tribal Lucanians (Oscans distinct from the other groupings) began overrunning the area early in the 5th century and controlled most of the region by 390BC, although some Greek cities continued to hold out. They were generally hostile to Rome, opposing them in the Pyrrhic, Hannibalic and Social Wars.
Sabines
Traditionally the Sabines were ancestors of all the ‘Sabellian’ peoples, which included the Samnites and Picentines, and famous from the legend of the ‘Rape of the Sabine Women’. They seem to have been regularly at war with Rome in the 5th Century, but nothing more is heard from 449BC until 290BC when Rome defeated and incorporated them. The early Sabine origin of many Roman families suggest relations were good in this interval.
Lucanians, Samnites and Campanians circa 200BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Roman Hoplites defeated by Celts circa 4th century BC
© Early Roman Armies - Osprey Books
Picenum
The Picentines were a warlike tribe of Illyrian origins, settled on the Adriatic coast. They staved off the Gauls to the north and were usually on good terms with the Romans, probably because of shared anti-Gallic interests. Its principal city of Asculum (not the Asculum of Pyrrhos’s battle, which is in Daunian territory) was captured by the Romans in 268BC.
North Oscans
The Paeligni were an inland Oscan tribe whose chief city was Corfinium. Allied to Rome from before 300BC they remained loyal until the Social War (outside the game period). The Marrucini, centred around Teate, were an Oscan tribe who had close and good relations with the Marsi, Paeligni and Vestini(not included in the game). They allied with Rome before 300BC and stayed loyal until the Social War. The Marsi were an Oscan tribe whose chief city was Marruvium. From early times they were friendly with Rome and remained so until the Social War (outside the game period) in which they formed the heart of the opposition to Rome.
Aequi
The Aequi, centred around Carsioli and Alba Fucens, were formidable early enemies of Rome in the 5th century, when allied to the Volscians they opposed the Hernici and Latins/Romans. However, from 431BC to 304BC they are not heard of, and at the latter date Rome nearly exterminated them, following which they were rapidly Romanized.
Latium
Rome was the biggest city in this area. Although held briefly by the Etruscans, at around 500BC it was independent and starting a career of expansion, briefly halted by the Gallic sack of 386BC. The other cities of Latium formed a Latin League centred on Aricia, which Rome eventually came to dominate. The Hernici, led by the city of Anagnia, were probably Latin speakers, and from very early times usually allied with Rome and the Latins against the Aequi and Volsci, although there were also shorter periods of opposition.
Volsci
Early and formidable opponents of Rome, the Volsci long occupied southern Latium in addition to their former heartland which stretched inland past Arpinum up to Samnium. No single city predominated, but Tarracina, which they renamed Anxur was one of the more powerful centres. The Romans gradually clawed away at their territory and serious opposition ceased around 300BC after which they became rapidly Romanized. The Aurunci were a small tribe on the border with northern Campania who were defeated by the Romans in 313BC, prior to which they were under Volscian influence. Their chief city was Suessa, although they mainly lived in small villages and farms.
Roman Hastati, Triari and Velites circa 170 BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Samnite Warriors circa 293 BC
© Early Roman Armies - Osprey Books
Samnium
The Samnites were the most formidable of Rome’s enemies in the early period, fighting 3 bitter wars with her, and winning several victories including the famous Caudine Forks of 321BC. The Samnites were made up of 4 tribal cantons, the Carecini, Pentri, Caudini and Hirpini, and met at a federal capital called Bovianum (‘Cow-Town’). Rome tried to split Samnium with colonies at Beneventum and Aesernia in the 260s, but the Samnites still joined Hannibal. Even by the time of the Social War (91-87BC) there was still lingering hostility to Rome and the Samnites were prominent in the rebel alliance.
Thurii
Thurii in the game is somewhat symbolic of a string of Greek cities on the southern coast. Founded in 444BC on the site of Sybaris, its chequered history featured short-lived leadership of a league of Greek cities, continual pressure from the interior Bruttians and Lucanians, calling in Roman help to precipitate the Pyrrhic War, and joining Hannibal. Soon after the Hannibalic War the Romans planted a colony there, ending its independence.
Etruria
The Etruscans had connections, and perhaps origins, in the eastern Mediterranean. They developed a loose ‘League of 12 Nations’ which met at the ‘Fane of Voltumna’ near Volsinii. Their control at one point stretched from Campania to the Po, and included Rome. However, they were pushed back by the Greeks in the south, the Gauls in the north, then the growing power of Rome.
Caere
One of the oldest Etruscan cities and, unlike most of the rest of Etruria, usually friendly or allied to Rome. They particularly helped Rome at the time of the Gallic sack.
Falisci
The inhabitants of the region round Falerii, who spoke a form of Latin, although heavily Etruscanized. Their relations with Rome were mixed, and in 241BC the Romans captured the city and transplanted the inhabitants to a new site 3 miles west.
Umbria
A people whose origins are obscure, and perhaps a remainder of the autochthonous inhabitants, although the Umbrian language is related to Oscan, spoken by many other tribes in central Italy. These hill people were generally, but not invariably friendly to Rome and Etruria, and came under Roman influence early on. There were several principal towns, including Spoletium on the major route to the Ager Gallicus and Sentinum where in 295BC the Romans won a major victory over the Samnites, Gauls, Etruscans and Umbrians which gave them ascendancy in Italy.
Etruscan Hoplite circa 508 BC
© Early Roman Armies - Osprey Books
Bruttia
The early interior inhabitants were called Oinotrians and Chones, but from the 4th century BC onwards it fell under the influence of the Oscan Lucanians, then broke away around 360BC(the name Bruttians derives from an Oscan word for ‘runaways’). As with Lucania, there was a long-lived struggle for control of Greek coastal cities, notably Croton and Rhegium (not represented). The chief interior cities were Consentia and Petelia (also excluded). A somewhat mountainous and barbaric area, they probably had limited other external relations until the Pyrrhic War, but then opposed Rome. This was repeated in the Hannibalic War when the region became Hannibal’s main base. It was also much later a centre for Spartacus’ Slave Revolt.
http://www.slitherine.co.uk/Legion/Images/Map_Italy.gif
then the republican rome
then the imperial one
like
early expansion of rome in the italian peninsula , so having the romans in phalanxes ....
and the following nations
Liguria
A fierce tribe culturally related to the Celts. They occupied NW Italy and SE France. Although they lost coastal cities (Pisae and Luna) to the Romans, they proved very difficult to subdue and the eastern Ligurians were still stubbornly fighting mostly guerilla wars against the Romans well into the 2nd century BC, their western brethren even later. The Romans eventually had to resort to mass deportations and selling of prisoners into slavery. The Apuani, around the city of Luna, are the chief Ligurian tribe in the area covered by the map. The Friniates also long resisted the Romans, even capturing Mutina in 177BC.
Gallia Cispadana
The region between the Alps and Apennines was known as Gallia Cisalpina (‘this side of the Alps’), the area between the Po and the Apennines as Gallia Cispadana (‘this side of the Po’). The Gauls started occupying Gallia Cisalpina in the 6th Century BC and the movements continued for the next 2 centuries. The leading tribe south of the Po was the Boii, who made Felsina (later called Bononia then Bologna from them) their capital after capturing it from the Etruscans. Many Gallic invasions of Italy occurred in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. The Gallic tribes also fiercely resisted the later Roman expansion, defeating at least 3 consular armies, and the Boii were the last tribe to submit, in 191BC. Thereafter many Gauls were forced out and the remainder rapidly Romanized.
Senones
The Senones were the last Gallic tribe to settle in the area, in the 4th century BC. They defeated the Romans at the Allia in 386BC and sacked Rome. After some wandering, they settled in the area later known as the Ager Gallicus, around Sena and Ariminum. When the Romans eventually conquered this area, they exterminated or ejected the Gauls here and planted new colonies, such was their fear and hate of this tribe.
Celtic or Gallic warriors circa 200 BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Roman Officers circa 200BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Frentani
The Frentani lived on the Adriatic coast and after hostility to Rome in the 2nd Samnite War remained her allies until the Social War. Their chief city was probably Histonium although no one town seems to be pre-eminent.
Iapygia
This region came to be called Apulia, although the Apulians only came to dominate it late on. In our period the most important peoples were the Daunians around Arpi (aka Argyrippa) and Canusium, the Iapyges and the Peucetians. Canusium was a prominent city in the middle of the territory, near to which Hannibal won his famous victory of Cannae. The Tarentines made great efforts to dominate this area, against strong opposition from both locals and outsiders such as the Lucanians.
Calabria
Confusingly, in modern times the name Calabria applies to the ‘toe’ of Italy, but in this period it referred to the ‘heel’. This region was also known as Messapia from the Messapian/Sallentine tribes in the area. However, they were usually under the domination of the Greek colony of Tarentum (Taras in Greek). Tarentum made great efforts to dominate the south of the Italian peninsula, calling upon the help of a succession of Greek generals, the last and most famous of whom was Pyrrhos of Epeiros.
Campania
One of the most fertile areas in Italy, the interior was dominated by the Etruscans, the coast by Greek colonies, early in the period. The cities of both were gradually absorbed by the Oscan speaking interior tribes and a composite culture resulted. The Campanians thereafter were usually allied to Rome and played a major part in assisting Roman domination of the peninsula, Capua forming virtually a twin capital with Rome. However, Capua defected to Hannibal during his invasion and never regained its political influence. Cumae and Neapolis were the chief Greek coastal cities, and Nuceria dominated the southern part of the territory.
Lucania
Greek colonization began here in the 8th century BC, but tribal Lucanians (Oscans distinct from the other groupings) began overrunning the area early in the 5th century and controlled most of the region by 390BC, although some Greek cities continued to hold out. They were generally hostile to Rome, opposing them in the Pyrrhic, Hannibalic and Social Wars.
Sabines
Traditionally the Sabines were ancestors of all the ‘Sabellian’ peoples, which included the Samnites and Picentines, and famous from the legend of the ‘Rape of the Sabine Women’. They seem to have been regularly at war with Rome in the 5th Century, but nothing more is heard from 449BC until 290BC when Rome defeated and incorporated them. The early Sabine origin of many Roman families suggest relations were good in this interval.
Lucanians, Samnites and Campanians circa 200BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Roman Hoplites defeated by Celts circa 4th century BC
© Early Roman Armies - Osprey Books
Picenum
The Picentines were a warlike tribe of Illyrian origins, settled on the Adriatic coast. They staved off the Gauls to the north and were usually on good terms with the Romans, probably because of shared anti-Gallic interests. Its principal city of Asculum (not the Asculum of Pyrrhos’s battle, which is in Daunian territory) was captured by the Romans in 268BC.
North Oscans
The Paeligni were an inland Oscan tribe whose chief city was Corfinium. Allied to Rome from before 300BC they remained loyal until the Social War (outside the game period). The Marrucini, centred around Teate, were an Oscan tribe who had close and good relations with the Marsi, Paeligni and Vestini(not included in the game). They allied with Rome before 300BC and stayed loyal until the Social War. The Marsi were an Oscan tribe whose chief city was Marruvium. From early times they were friendly with Rome and remained so until the Social War (outside the game period) in which they formed the heart of the opposition to Rome.
Aequi
The Aequi, centred around Carsioli and Alba Fucens, were formidable early enemies of Rome in the 5th century, when allied to the Volscians they opposed the Hernici and Latins/Romans. However, from 431BC to 304BC they are not heard of, and at the latter date Rome nearly exterminated them, following which they were rapidly Romanized.
Latium
Rome was the biggest city in this area. Although held briefly by the Etruscans, at around 500BC it was independent and starting a career of expansion, briefly halted by the Gallic sack of 386BC. The other cities of Latium formed a Latin League centred on Aricia, which Rome eventually came to dominate. The Hernici, led by the city of Anagnia, were probably Latin speakers, and from very early times usually allied with Rome and the Latins against the Aequi and Volsci, although there were also shorter periods of opposition.
Volsci
Early and formidable opponents of Rome, the Volsci long occupied southern Latium in addition to their former heartland which stretched inland past Arpinum up to Samnium. No single city predominated, but Tarracina, which they renamed Anxur was one of the more powerful centres. The Romans gradually clawed away at their territory and serious opposition ceased around 300BC after which they became rapidly Romanized. The Aurunci were a small tribe on the border with northern Campania who were defeated by the Romans in 313BC, prior to which they were under Volscian influence. Their chief city was Suessa, although they mainly lived in small villages and farms.
Roman Hastati, Triari and Velites circa 170 BC
© Armies of the Carthaginian Wars - Osprey Books
Samnite Warriors circa 293 BC
© Early Roman Armies - Osprey Books
Samnium
The Samnites were the most formidable of Rome’s enemies in the early period, fighting 3 bitter wars with her, and winning several victories including the famous Caudine Forks of 321BC. The Samnites were made up of 4 tribal cantons, the Carecini, Pentri, Caudini and Hirpini, and met at a federal capital called Bovianum (‘Cow-Town’). Rome tried to split Samnium with colonies at Beneventum and Aesernia in the 260s, but the Samnites still joined Hannibal. Even by the time of the Social War (91-87BC) there was still lingering hostility to Rome and the Samnites were prominent in the rebel alliance.
Thurii
Thurii in the game is somewhat symbolic of a string of Greek cities on the southern coast. Founded in 444BC on the site of Sybaris, its chequered history featured short-lived leadership of a league of Greek cities, continual pressure from the interior Bruttians and Lucanians, calling in Roman help to precipitate the Pyrrhic War, and joining Hannibal. Soon after the Hannibalic War the Romans planted a colony there, ending its independence.
Etruria
The Etruscans had connections, and perhaps origins, in the eastern Mediterranean. They developed a loose ‘League of 12 Nations’ which met at the ‘Fane of Voltumna’ near Volsinii. Their control at one point stretched from Campania to the Po, and included Rome. However, they were pushed back by the Greeks in the south, the Gauls in the north, then the growing power of Rome.
Caere
One of the oldest Etruscan cities and, unlike most of the rest of Etruria, usually friendly or allied to Rome. They particularly helped Rome at the time of the Gallic sack.
Falisci
The inhabitants of the region round Falerii, who spoke a form of Latin, although heavily Etruscanized. Their relations with Rome were mixed, and in 241BC the Romans captured the city and transplanted the inhabitants to a new site 3 miles west.
Umbria
A people whose origins are obscure, and perhaps a remainder of the autochthonous inhabitants, although the Umbrian language is related to Oscan, spoken by many other tribes in central Italy. These hill people were generally, but not invariably friendly to Rome and Etruria, and came under Roman influence early on. There were several principal towns, including Spoletium on the major route to the Ager Gallicus and Sentinum where in 295BC the Romans won a major victory over the Samnites, Gauls, Etruscans and Umbrians which gave them ascendancy in Italy.
Etruscan Hoplite circa 508 BC
© Early Roman Armies - Osprey Books
Bruttia
The early interior inhabitants were called Oinotrians and Chones, but from the 4th century BC onwards it fell under the influence of the Oscan Lucanians, then broke away around 360BC(the name Bruttians derives from an Oscan word for ‘runaways’). As with Lucania, there was a long-lived struggle for control of Greek coastal cities, notably Croton and Rhegium (not represented). The chief interior cities were Consentia and Petelia (also excluded). A somewhat mountainous and barbaric area, they probably had limited other external relations until the Pyrrhic War, but then opposed Rome. This was repeated in the Hannibalic War when the region became Hannibal’s main base. It was also much later a centre for Spartacus’ Slave Revolt.
http://www.slitherine.co.uk/Legion/Images/Map_Italy.gif
then the republican rome
then the imperial one