On the fields of Osaka
The Finale of: The Spirit Fields, A Chokosabe After Action Report
After the battle of Akashi, Uesugi forces in the west were completely destroyed. The immediate consequences became clear when numerous provinces beneath the clan's control rose up in open rebellion. Having lacked a strong, public figure since Kenshin's death years prior, the clan's power slowly dwindled as they were forced to battle in a desperate bid to hold on to what they could. But with so many dead on the fields near Akashi, it was clear that while still powerful, the Uesugi were nothing but a shadow of what they had once been. Oda Nobunaga was running out of allies. With the power of the Uesugi clan fading, the only true support he could count on were the Yamana, and they were still rebuilding after the disaster that was Tsyuama, where Kojima Tanemura had been killed. The shogun was indeed alone, but he still had strength. The twin battles of Kurayoshi had seen the utter destruction of the government forces in the west and central parts of Japan. Thanks in large part to the efforts of both the Yamana and Uesugi clans, Nobunaga had a much needed chance to rebuild his power in Osaka. By the time of the battle of Akashi, he had nearly tripled the size of Shogunate forces in Honshu.
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Fresh off his victory at Akashi, Kuwana Michiyori arrived near Osaka in late 1579. Accompanying him on the march was Matsuda Mitsutane, Daimyo of the Matsuda clan and loyal vassal of the Chokosabe - along with 3,000 of his troops. Chokosabe men numbered in at atleat 4,000 themselves. Nobunaga marched from Osaka and met both men some four miles west of the city proper. The Shogun's force, however, was an easy match for the west's host, and neither side seemed particularly eager to engage the other. Michiyori made camp on the fields of Osaka along with Mitsutane. The Matsuda Daimyo argued for an attack, but Michiyori was nervous. It was a daunting task ahead of them, and the stakes were high. It was true that if he could take Osaka, it could turn the war in the West's favor - but the same would be true if he lost. The way into the West's line would be left wide open. The Ouchi alone would not be enough to resist an attack from the Shogun without support.
It was fortunate for Michiyori that Nobunaga was just as unwilling to attack as he was, but for entirely different reasons. The Shogun had sent a force north into Yamana lands to provide a screen for them while they rebuilt their strength. After Michiyori displayed hesitation in attacking.. Nobunaga recalled them. An army of 5,000 Ashigaru auxiliaries were marching to Osaka and would arrive within weeks.
When Michiyori at last learned of this through the western spy network, he was visibly shaken. He had no choice - he would have to attack...
The First Battle Of Osaka
Year: 1580
Belligerents: Western Alliance v Oda Shogunate
Commanders: Kuwana Michiyori, Matsuda Mitsutane| Oda Nobunaga
Western forces dug in on a hill overlooking the plains as the Shogun encroached on their position. Nobunaga pushed forward, with a powerful core of no-dachi leading the charge up the slope. The west had not fought the shogunate force since Kurayoshi, at least, not in a battle of this scale. When the two sides finally met a terrible sound echoed over the fields.
The battle lines held, neither side giving a single ground to the other. For hours the battle pulsed, with flurries of combat, followed by a slow, falling off of activity, only to begin again. The first engagement took place a little after 9:00 am, or is so believed by reports. It did not stop until nine hours later when the Chokosabe managed a break through on the left side of the lines, managing to encircle the Shogun force and trap them - but by this time, so many had died from both Chokosabe and Matsuda, that any victory claimed would be pyhrric in every sense of the word. As the Western advantage began to be clear, Nobunaga and his retainers are reported to have quit the field with the remainder of the second wave, leaving many of his samurai trapped to die fighting in all directions...
The First Battle at Osaka ended in late afternoon, as the awful sounds of steel against flesh finally gave way to the gentle chirp of the crickets, greeting the night. Michiyori surveyed the field, he had lost almost the entirety of his samurai core holding the line against the no-dachi charge. Even more, his cavalry divisions were in shambles - and all the while, Nobunaga had retreated and was bringing reinforcements...
The Second Battle Of Osaka
Year: 1580
Belligerents: Western Alliance v Oda Shogunate
Commanders: Kuwana Michiyori, Matsuda Mitsutane| Oda Nobunaga
Two weeks later, Nobunaga would return to the fields near Osaka at the head of a huge army. Michiyori had been bogged down trying to organize a retreat since the aftermath of the first battle. His men were exhausted and many still were wounded, unable to be moved effectively. The Shogun cared little for such details, and pressed his advantage while he still had it!
Under a hail of arrow fire, the Shogunate forces advanced with Nobunaga himself at their head. They slammed into the western line, nearly causing the force to buckle then and there! But Michiyori would not be deterred, and fought side by side with his men on the gentle slopes of the field as he had done at Akashi. With terrible losses, he managed to repulse Nobunaga's charge and force the Shogun to fall back, but in his place, came the rest of the shogunate forces.
At the Second of Osaka there were no true battle lines, actions developed all across the field, desperate struggles between groups of men, sometimes as large as a few hundred, and sometimes as small as twenty! It was incredibly chaotic, as communication broke down, Michiyori gathered to him all the western cavalry he could. The Matsuda clan were getting pinned down in a nearby treeline by Shogunate archers, and he was determined to relieve them. His actions led to one of the more memorable moments of the Sengoku period, Michiyori's Charge. His men gathered near the edges of the main action and set their sites on the Shogunate archers. Nobunaga saw the formation, however. His own lines of communication had been maintained quite well with the use of runners, moving between the different areas of action. He quickly organized his men to focus fire on the charge... the results were devestating...
Michiyori charged into a deadly crossfire, battle field reports from Osaka can be at times lost in their own mythology, but even still, they claim only ten men made it through the concentrated arrow fire. Whether they are to be believed or not, the fact remains Michiyori himself was killed at the Second of Osaka.
Without support, the Matsuda clan was pinned effectively near the far trees. While the Chokosabe force struggled on the fields, the Shogunate army was able to pick apart and completely annihilate the west. Matsuda Mitsutane is said to have barely escaped the battle with his life, but with Michiyori dead, the western forces were without leadership. The Battles of Osaka left a population enthralled and terrified. By the second battle's end, it is estimated over ten thousand men, from both sides of the conflict, had lost their lives on the same piece of land. It wasn't long until the people began to tell the stories of Osaka. How when the moon was just right, a terrible mist would take to the fields, and horns would sound. The spirits of the men slain, rose once more, to continue their battle started in life. Whether true or not, it was years before any commoner willingly set foot on those fields again...
Regardless of local legend, the facts remained that so many samurai had lost their lives at Osaka, that both sides of the conflict simply.. didn't have the man power to recruit them in the numbers seen at the start of the war. More and more, ashigaru became the mainstay of both western and shogunate armies.
Though the Shogunate had won at Osaka, they'd lost so many men. Nobunaga was forced to retreat back to Kyoto and attempt to rebuild there. Unfortunately for him, he would get no rest. Because he had withdrawn his northern screening force from Yamana lands, this gave the west a chance to finally knock the Yamana out of the fight once and for All. Kira Tanetsuga led a powerful counter attack shortly after the second at Osaka, culminating in the battle of Mimasaka fields in 1581. There, he destroyed the Yamana powerbase, and could now threaten Kyoto from the north.
Nobunaga could feel the power of the west closing in. In one last ditch attempt, he marched from Kyoto, intent on pushing all the way to Akashi and re-opening that front. Unfortunately, As he neared the plains of Osaka, he was greeted by a western force - led by Emura Hiroyo. The stage was set for one final battle at the legendary grounds, and though none could have forseen it at the time, it would decide the fate of all Japan.
The Third Battle Of Osaka
Year: 1582
Belligerents: Western Alliance v Oda Shogunate
Commanders: Emura Hiroyo| Oda Nobunaga
Camping on the fields of Osaka, legend tells of Nobunaga becoming incredibly agitated one night. He began screaming in his tent, when his aids came to see him, they found him throwing accusatory insults to... no one. He turned to them, and simply said "Take this fool away.." before leaving the tent, continuing to grumble and speak to himself. Reports of that same nature come in from both sides of the conflict, so much death had been seen on the fields, perhaps it was unnerving - even to a career soldier like Nobunaga.
It was on June 17th that Nobunaga finally shook from him whatever anxiety he suffered and attacked the western line. Shogunate forces consisted of a well balanced army, with a large core of cavalry and mainly ashigaru to support them. To counter this, Hiroyo had deployed his men in the trees, and simply dared the Shogun to attack - he got his wish just as a cool breeze got caught in the branches...
Nobunaga threw his cavalry into the trees, causing the west to commit their forces to contain them, while seeming a foolish tactic in of itself, it allowed Nobunaga to advance the main body of his army without worrying about a hail of arrows from the skilled Chokosabe archers.
The battle was actually going his way for a time, but it was then that Nobunaga made a dicision that later historians would debate about endlessly. At that moment, the Chokosabe were moving men to either side of the forest on the open ground. While they were losing the fight in the center, they could at any moment swing their men around both flanks and encircle the Shogun's army. It was the same tactics Michiyori had employed at Akashi to beat the Uesugi, and now it was being shown here at Osaka. Nobunaga must have seen this, but instead of diverting men to stop the flank.. he strengthened the push in the center. But that wasn't enough. The dedicated Nagitana Samurai were still holding. And so - he himself led a charge, in an attempt to break through once and for all and kill Emura Hiroyo...
It was a terrible failure. Slowly, the entire Shogunate army got sucked toward the center, while the patient western force slowly enveloped them. Nobunaga looked around only to see his men fighting in every direction. The trees blocked his vision, and somewhere amidst the melee, the shogun fell. Shogunate forces were killed to the very last man. As the battle came to an end, the fields became oddly quiet. Save for the voices of those upon them - there was no wind, and there was no sound of sight of any bird or beast. In his letter to his daimyo, Emura Hiroyo expressed his own feelings of Osaka. "Those fields are void of life. To go there is to experience the absolute nothingness of one's soul. I could never return to that place."
In the wake of the Shogunate's defeat at the Third Battle of Osaka, Hiroyo would push on and do what no man before him had done, wrest control of Osaka from the Shogunate. The following season, Kira Tanetsuga did him one better, leading a force down from the north and laying siege to the city of Kyoto. With government forces nearly completely destroyed, taking the city was by now a foregone conclusion. Kyoto fell in the January of 1583, and as Oda forces were in full retreat, Chokosabe Akiie made the long trip from Shikoku. He was surveying the fields of battle that he had hear so much of, and his journey to Kyoto took him passed Osaka and the site of the three battles. After he reached Kyoto, he was asked of his experience, what seeing the fields was like. Akiie never once commented on what he did, or what he saw, at Osaka. When asked, he would simply reply: "No man should suffer the Spirit Fields.."
By 1584 - Chokosabe Akiie had been declared Shogun of all Japan. Though there were still dissenters in eastern Honshu, the power of the Western Alliance had proven to be more than a match for their enemies. The war for japan continued, but the worst of the conflict was over. No other battles would ever match the scale or carnage seen at Osaka, Akashi, Kurayoshi or Inaba Fields. It was not until 1603 that Japan was finally united beneath the banner of the Chokosabe, but the memory of Osaka still remained. The myths and legends of Osaka are the result of three battles that effectively ended a war, but more so defined a nation. The power of the Samurai would never be the same after those battles, and Japan would slowly turn to new methods of waging war. The Sengoku was coming to an end, and Japan had new, strong leader. But now a new challenge presented itself.. peace with the memories of hell, fresh in a populous' minds...
The spirits of Osaka
Angry, lost, alone
I take my place among them
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