Max culture penalty is 50 percent
Governors class buildings : will always have a 20 percent cultural influence. So if you take an Egyptian town as a Roman and all the buildings are Egyptian it will be at 50 percent cultural penalty. But if you were lucky and sometimes you are, you might have taken it as a town but the population just hit 6000 and you can upgrade it to a minor city. As soon as the next level of governors building is built the Cultutr penalty will be reduced to 30 percent.
The other thing with governors houses is if you take a town as the Romans and it needs another 4000 people to hit minor city you can slowly reduce the culture penalty by razing buildings and building roman 1's "this land is now Roman". but because the governors building is not Roman it will always have a minumum of a 20 percent cultural penalty. The other way to kill this penalty is to bring in 4000 imigrants so you can upgrade the governors building.
You do'nt have to Romanize the whole town as I have some towns with foriegn temples and other buildings with no cultural penalty.
What buildings effect the cultural penalty. Roads, farms and city walls effect this along with everything buildable.
Cultural penalty per building. It seems that all buildings effect the cultural penalty by 5 percent even temples, but when you raze a building the results will not show up until next turn
Also if you have already built some of your own cultures buildings you can quickly reduce this penalty by razing the other cultures buildings but the results will not show up until the next turn.
Ownership. I had Cyrene a good bit of time to develop it and had every building built but stables and a town wall and had killed the cultural penalty. The Egyptians come by and take the city. Well it took me 4 years to take it back and in that time they managed to build stables. So I get it back and see that there is a 5 percent cultural penalty since they had got there hands in the development. I then built a woodenwall and all penalties were gone.
Anyways if the land keeps changing hands it may never culturally developed for either faction. So when you sell a city make sure you do'nt want it in the future or try to build it so that when you do get it back there is a minimal cultural penalty.
Hope this helps all those cultural questions out there
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