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View Full Version : Historical Basis for Weak Archers



Alrowan
10-11-2002, 08:48
well we all know that throughout history the basic army consisted of a lot of conscripts. But there were the exception of elite armies. The most effective armies ever seen in old style warefare were heavy spear based armies, look at the greek phalanx, or the roman legions, both were mainly heavy infantry, with very few archers. Most people are led by the misconception that archers were very effective, the fact is THEY WERE'NT. So if archers were ineffective, then why were they used? well this is the simplest thing to answer, and that is FEAR. Most of the damage done by archers was injuring opponents, not killing them, and the few men that were killed in a volley of arrows were ones not hiding behind thier shields or generally unlucky. But the fear that was caused by a rain of arrows was horrendous, watching your fellow soldiers being maimed before they even entered the fray could demoralise entire forces.

When medieval warfare began, it started with one basic unit, and that was a shield wall. A uni of spearmen armed with javelins, who hunkered down, and held the line wit thier spears, when the enemy tried to break them, they would usually fail, and as they went to fall back javelins sometimes were thrown. Cavalry at this time was merely used to try out manouver, or just used to get to battle. and as for archers, they were used for hunting deer, or in the rare ambush. Already in the dark ages, the value of a unit of spears was high.

Moving into later warfare, technology for archery to get better was achieved with the composite bow, now arrows could be fired longer distances and with more power, this led to armies using archers to soften the enemy when they charged, to create holes in the line and such, but were never highly useful, until the longbows. This is not due to the weapons so much as thier owners. A welsh longbowmen was one of the most effective archers, trained from a young age. Thier ability to cause so much damage was one of two reasons, the technology of thier arrows (consisted of a nasty pyramid with barbs, as opposed to the flat arrowheads used by the other archers), this usually meant that the heavier arrows would kill more than they maimed.. the other reason was thier training, they cwere trained to fire arrows much faster than the average bowmen, thus being abel to inflict more damage. in the same ammount of time. Aprat from welsh longbowmen, archers were useless due to thier range, at short range they were effective, at long, weak. The reason why horse archers were any good was the ability to ride close and shoot thier arrows at a low arc, cause more damage.

you must remember that not all archers are robin hoods..

ok, moving onto crossbows, these weapons were always more effective than bows for two reasons, thier low arc, direct line of fire, and thier power, the ablity to shoot them straight meant greater acuracy, but be warned, these were rarely used in field combat, they were mainly there to kill heavily armoured knights in ambushes, hence on thier being banned by the church.

gunpoweder paved the way for new combat, its direct line of fire, and armour peircing abilities meant that it was more deadly, but it had a shorter range, and required time to reload (hence the use of alternating ranks of shooters)

all in all, you can now hopefully see that archers were quite useless in medieval times, so stop whining on how the gameplayers got it wrong, as they didnt, merely you have seen far too many movies. If you can show me a historical battle in which archers (not longbows) won the day, then i will change my opinion.

as for any game fixes that should be made for archers

1. increased kills when hitting a moving unit, less kills when the unit is stationary.
2. increased effectivness at a closer range
3. units taking casualties when not fighting hand to hand to get worried by the casualties easily.
4. archers should do more damage to units in combat.

ok, sure that henry was killed by archers in the battle of hastings, but overall they were not used overly much with the exception of longbows

Pachinko
10-11-2002, 10:08
Here, Here! You got it!
P.

------------------
Crush your enemies, see them driven before you on the field of battle, and hear the lamentation of their women.

Dev quote>>Sigh, ye of little faith. Don't assume everything is a bug.

andrewt
10-11-2002, 10:45
Unless arrows were not aerodynamic enough, there isn't any reason why they get much weaker the farther the target is. They are shot upward so their speed is almost the same the moment the shot goes in the air and the moment it hits somebody who has the same height as the initial height. In fact, shooting down a hill, the arrow should be more deadly the farther down a hill it is. Again, it depends on how aerodynamic the arrow is and degree of wind resistance.

CBR
10-11-2002, 11:00
Quote Originally posted by Alrowan:
ok, moving onto crossbows, these weapons were always more effective than bows for two reasons, thier low arc, direct line of fire, and thier power, the ablity to shoot them straight meant greater acuracy, but be warned, these were rarely used in field combat, they were mainly there to kill heavily armoured knights in ambushes, hence on thier being banned by the church.

[/QUOTE]

Hmm I think you are wrong there...crossbows were used a lot on the battlefield. At least the battles I know of (yes that might not be many)there were several 1000's used. But ofc Im not an expert...you have any sources on that?

CBR

CBR
10-11-2002, 11:06
Quote Originally posted by Alrowan:
1. increased kills when hitting a moving unit, less kills when the unit is stationary.
2. increased effectivness at a closer range
3. units taking casualties when not fighting hand to hand to get worried by the casualties easily.
4. archers should do more damage to units in combat.

ok, sure that henry was killed by archers in the battle of hastings, but overall they were not used overly much with the exception of longbows[/QUOTE]

And the price compared to h2h units should go down. As they dont have much valour, no or not much armor and are not the dominant unit on the battlefield there is absolutely no reason for them to be so expensive.

CBR

Hakonarson
10-11-2002, 12:39
Umm...it was Harold at Hastings, Crossbows were most certainly used in bulk on the battlefield (where on earth did you get the idea that they were ambush weapons??!!), otherwise your poiints are reasonably amde.

AdrewT - yes there is a reason why arrows slow down - it's called Aerodynamic drag!! Sure gravity on hte way down makes up for gravity on the way up, but it doesn't make up for total drag. Arrows penetrate more at short range than they do at long range - try it!! http://www.totalwar.org/ubb/smile.gif

However that's the main effect - armour penetration, and that's probably what should improve at short range, not damage done.

chunkynut
10-11-2002, 15:35
Crossbows were used by the masses. More expensive but no need for training or massive strength(which were needed for longbows). The crossbows were used in many battles, actually agincourt(by the french) and were only ineffective because they had got their crossbows wet in a river crossing.

Composit bows had distance but were less powerful(they used smaller arrows) and were only effective in numbers(the sejluk turks used these bows on horses in large numbers(and insidently caused very little damage on armoured units and were only used (really) to demoralise units and make the lines hunch together or draw out units to slaughter)).

And most armies fielded at lest a unit of archers for harassment and thining of the ranks as u stated thus not usless.

Alrowan
10-11-2002, 17:13
ok, two small pointers, the reason why i say that crossbows were used mainly in ambushes is due to the fact that they really have quite a short effective range. Sure they may have been used a lot, but they were more for show than enything else, lords still preferd to arm thier men with spears, as the were cheaper, and it shows in the game, but archers should cost less.

my seccond point, this is mainly on longbows and power, that is due to thier size, longboes could launch a heavier shaft and arrowhead, thus causeing more casualties, and as far as range is concernd for effectivness, its more to do with the accuracy, it is easier to shoot a closer target, thus resulting in more kills.


anyway, if i could ad one feature to the game, that would be casualties, achers caused hell here, and it was harder to carry an injured man than leave a dead one.

Orda Khan
10-11-2002, 20:57
There are some misleading, not to mention inaccurate statements here.

The composite bow was the weapon of choice of the Turko/Mongol nomads of the Asian steppe and were used to devastating effect by the Huns way back in the fifth century. It took a combined force of Franks, Goths and Romans to finally halt Attilla at Chalons.

Why would composite bows fire smaller arrows? Do you mean lighter? The length of an arrow is determined by the archer's draw length and the diameter/strength/flexibility by the poundage of the bow...and even then a different arrow head can alter the set up due to a difference in weight.

The Turkish horsearchers did ok against the crusader tin men from what I've read. Afterall the area is Islamic so they must have done.

The achievements of the Mongol armies were the result of effective weaponry.

Not all arrows killed agreed but they would knock a man down and if he is down he is out.

Let us not forget also that not everyone could afford armour and you would definitely not see a load of knights all dressed in matching armour,that is the reserve of the silver screen. The infantry of the time contained a high proportion of ill equiped peasants who were lucky if they had a bit of padding in their tunics. For this reason I would expect more from my mounted archers when attacking order foot soldiers etc

.....Orda

Protoman
10-11-2002, 23:00
I don't agree that archers were historically weak. Otherwise they would not have been used so much throughout history.

It's true they fell out of use in the dark ages, but so did a lot of other military tools.

When the greeks squared off against the persians at thermopylies(spelling?) there was said to be so many arrows that it blackened the sky.

Now, obviously they didn't have much effect because the greeks were so heavily armored, but reason stands that the persians would not have had so many archers in the first place if there wasn't a use for them.

I'm guessing that the persians had so many archers during that era because they were use to fighting light infantry and calvary in their homelands instead of heavy hoplights.


I have no problem with archers being so ineffective against heavily armored and shielded troops...

But the balance seems very messed up when it comes to charging, routing, and even lightly armored troops. All situations where the archers should do 3 times the casualties they do now.

Alrowan
10-12-2002, 09:57
i did state that composite bows allowed for heavier arrows, anyway, i was using the welsh longbows as an example, the middle east still being far superior had been using composite bows for a long time, as with the byzantines