CeltiberoMordred
12-17-2002, 23:51
First of all, sorry for my poor english, i dont know if i'd be able to explain it quite well.
I've seen some post talking about the two (even four) popes and the schism, ill try to tell what happened those days.
On March, 21st of 1309, the Pope Clement V decided to leave Rome, getting away (theorically) from the anarchy created by several armed gangs of different factions. The truth was that he only wanted to be as near as possible of the King Philippe of France (the king had already received good services from the pope, the most important the disolution of Templars in 1307); he settled in Avignon, where his sucessors built a sumptuous palace. However, 66 years after this, the Pope Gregory XI decided to return to Rome.
Unfortunelly, Gregory XI died two months later; the romans didnt want the pope returned to Avignon again, and they tried the new pope was italian. By the other side, the french pressed to get the pope back to Avignon. Finally, the archbishop of Bari, Bartolome Prignano was elected as the new pope, taking the name of Urban VI.
Nevertheless, another council of disident cardinals proclaimed another one, Clement VII as pope and he moved to Avignon. The schism starts.
To Rome give obedience the Holy Roman Empire, Scandinavians, Poland, Hungary, Flanders, Portugal, Ireland and England, and to Avignon France, Castille, Aragon and Navarre. Both popes excommunicated one each other, of course.
When Urban VI died (absolutelly fooled) in 1389, a new roman pope was elected, Bonifacio IX. The schism continues.
When, in 1394 Clement VII dies, Alvaro de Luna, cardinal of Aragon, is proclaimed as the new pope in Avignon. He was named Benedict XIII. Two years later, a triple embassy of french, castillians and english, sent by their kings, proposes the renounce of both popes and the election of a third one. The proposal, is , of course, rejected by Benedict XIII and Bonifacio IX. Then, the three kingdoms retire their obedience to Avignon.
In 1398, France, determinated to finish the schism, send troops agains Avignon. The citizens opened the doors avoiding the plunder. Benedict XIII, after a siege of 7 months, surrenders and becomes in a prisoner in his own palace. In 1403, Benedict XII scapes and march to Marseille. Short time later, dies Bonifacio XIII in Rome and is elected Gregory XII as the new Pope. Still 2 popes.
In 1409 is celebrated the council of Pisa , where both popes are dismissed, and proclaiming a third pope as the true one, John XXIII. Evidently, nor Gregory XII nor Benedict XIII abdicate. Now there are 3 popes.
In 1415, a new council, celebrated in Constance, summons the three popes to find a solution, that is no other that they all must abdicate. Gregory XII accepts under threats, John XXIII is locked in a cell. Only Benedict XIII (89 years old) continues free, because he didnt assist to the council. Only Aragon obbey him. He marched to Peñiscola, in Aragon, but in 1417 Aragon retires their obedience. Now, nobody reclaim him as the true pope.
In the same year, a new pope is elected, Martin V as the only pope of all Christendom. The schism ends.
I've seen some post talking about the two (even four) popes and the schism, ill try to tell what happened those days.
On March, 21st of 1309, the Pope Clement V decided to leave Rome, getting away (theorically) from the anarchy created by several armed gangs of different factions. The truth was that he only wanted to be as near as possible of the King Philippe of France (the king had already received good services from the pope, the most important the disolution of Templars in 1307); he settled in Avignon, where his sucessors built a sumptuous palace. However, 66 years after this, the Pope Gregory XI decided to return to Rome.
Unfortunelly, Gregory XI died two months later; the romans didnt want the pope returned to Avignon again, and they tried the new pope was italian. By the other side, the french pressed to get the pope back to Avignon. Finally, the archbishop of Bari, Bartolome Prignano was elected as the new pope, taking the name of Urban VI.
Nevertheless, another council of disident cardinals proclaimed another one, Clement VII as pope and he moved to Avignon. The schism starts.
To Rome give obedience the Holy Roman Empire, Scandinavians, Poland, Hungary, Flanders, Portugal, Ireland and England, and to Avignon France, Castille, Aragon and Navarre. Both popes excommunicated one each other, of course.
When Urban VI died (absolutelly fooled) in 1389, a new roman pope was elected, Bonifacio IX. The schism continues.
When, in 1394 Clement VII dies, Alvaro de Luna, cardinal of Aragon, is proclaimed as the new pope in Avignon. He was named Benedict XIII. Two years later, a triple embassy of french, castillians and english, sent by their kings, proposes the renounce of both popes and the election of a third one. The proposal, is , of course, rejected by Benedict XIII and Bonifacio IX. Then, the three kingdoms retire their obedience to Avignon.
In 1398, France, determinated to finish the schism, send troops agains Avignon. The citizens opened the doors avoiding the plunder. Benedict XIII, after a siege of 7 months, surrenders and becomes in a prisoner in his own palace. In 1403, Benedict XII scapes and march to Marseille. Short time later, dies Bonifacio XIII in Rome and is elected Gregory XII as the new Pope. Still 2 popes.
In 1409 is celebrated the council of Pisa , where both popes are dismissed, and proclaiming a third pope as the true one, John XXIII. Evidently, nor Gregory XII nor Benedict XIII abdicate. Now there are 3 popes.
In 1415, a new council, celebrated in Constance, summons the three popes to find a solution, that is no other that they all must abdicate. Gregory XII accepts under threats, John XXIII is locked in a cell. Only Benedict XIII (89 years old) continues free, because he didnt assist to the council. Only Aragon obbey him. He marched to Peñiscola, in Aragon, but in 1417 Aragon retires their obedience. Now, nobody reclaim him as the true pope.
In the same year, a new pope is elected, Martin V as the only pope of all Christendom. The schism ends.