Log in

View Full Version : Hannibal's original soldiers: What happened to them?



VikingPower
06-03-2014, 02:59
Hello.

I was recently doing an essay about the battle of Zama. There Hannibal employed three lines of infantry.
1. Mercenaries: Celts, Moors, Baelerics, Ligurians.
2. Carthaginian citizen militia (hoplites? Pikemen?)
3. Veterans from Italy: Bruttians.

But what actually happened to the original troops, that Hannibal took over the Alps? Iberians, Africans (Carthaginians? Lybians? instead of Numdians or Moors)...
He did at least triumph in three great battles in Italy, that of the Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae.
Decisive victories with minimum casualty of his best troops and maximum casualty on the Roman side.

I know that Hannibal was about 15 years in Italy, so that some part of his troops would perhaps be considered too old. Or killed in small numbers here and there.
But that did not stop the Silver shield pikemen, the old veterans that fought for Eumenes at the battle of Gabiene.

I am just wondering what happened to the Iberian and African soldiers? how did they gradually loose their numbers? where and when?

Ludens
06-03-2014, 11:58
I am not a historian, but my guess is that we simply cannot reconstruct that in any detail. Nearly all our information comes from Roman literary sources, and they wouldn't be very interested in such things.

A considerable number of Hannibal's men would have been able to return home fairly easily: the Ligurians, Bruttians, Celts from northern Italy. Others could do as mercenaries usually did: arrange for a ship and hire themselves out elsewhere. The Africans presumably left together with Hannibal himself. That only leaves the non-mercenary Iberian contingent.

Do we actually know how Hannibal retreated from Italy? The (popular) history books I've read are always vague on this bit. Did he capture a port and commandeered the ships, or did Carthage send a fleet to fetch him and his men?

VikingPower
06-05-2014, 20:21
Polybius speaks little about Hannibal's manner of departure.
Livy states that the soldiers that were considered unfit for service; were distributed to garrison duty in a few Bruttian towns.
He did probably already have a port and access to ships
Livy implies that these were the same soldiers that fought in Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae.
Perhaps some of the African veterans were in the second line, along with the militia. Livy states that there was also one legion of Macedonian pikemen.