Quote:
At some point we may be able to make artificial neural networks for these things, to some extent we already have them. Of course as you say, having all the parts is not enough, neurons can change their connections and work together, but it's not entirely unthinkable that we may understand these processes one day or that we may simply find other solutions that work to make the parts work together as required.
If a human brain is "nothing" but an electrochemical machine, then it should be possible to emulate it or create something similar. That's also where the danger may come in, if you emulate all the "functional" parts, but not the emotions and the social parts for example. Then you may end up with something intelligent that doesn't really care about what it does, as long as it achieves whatever goal it has.
How long it will take until we get there, I cannot say. I too find the current implementations of "AI" not really worth of that name, they're very specialized neural networks at best, from what I have seen. That's not to say they can't be useful though.
The whole point is you're making a category error. Can we, from raw genetic code, incarnate a human-like creature with human-like (or greater) intelligence? I suspect we can't. Insofar as we can't, or can't do fabricate any organism above the level of the simplest unicellular proto-life, why would we imagine doing so is available with hardware and software that have many different limitations and principles of operation than biology, where we don't even have examples of machine "intelligence" like we do with biological?