Hammer and anvil

[Tyrfingr]

Quite a few battles were decided by the success of the flanking cavalry. The infantry banged their heads against the enemies, trying to break the enemy formations.

However, the decisive moments usually were when the enemy cavalry was defeated, then the cavalry could swing around and if the enemy infantry had not started their rout, the sudden charge in the back of enemy cavalry often broke the spirit of most infantry.

[Philippus Flavius Homovallumus]

Hammer and Anvil was a fairly common strategy BUT it often failed because the cavalry were not diciplined enough to weel and charge the enemy infantry. That was one reason Alexander (and Parmenion) personally controlled the wing cavalry because they required a tighter hand on the reins, so to speak, than the infantry.

The other problem is that you do have to decisively defeat the enemy cavalry lest they reform and pin you against the enemy infantry.

[johnhughthom]

As an example most accounts of Caesar's battles that I have read have the infantry and the cavalry engaging seperately and a few mention the enemy cavalry routing and Caesars just chasing them off the field not returning to take further part in the main encounter. As I mentioned earlier a documentary on the battle of Cynosphalae was what brought it into my head, although the fact that was on a hill was probably a factor and the cavalry battle may well have not been decided when Philips phalanxes quit(it wasn't a great documentary tbh). It just struck me during the program that, although I am aware of the obvious examples like Alexander and Cannae, it seems more often than not when I read or watch a program about an ancient battle cavalry is rarely a decisive force.
Then again I have read little regarding the Diadochi, most of it would be Roman Republic and Greek history.

[Philippus Flavius Homovallumus]

Ah, well the Romans didn't use the hammer and anvil until MUCH later and the Greeks never got the hang of combined arms fighting. Philip II is credited with inventing close-formation hard-charging cavalry, in the West at least. Certainly Darius' cavalry lacked the cohesion of Alexander's.

So, in other words, you've not been reading about the people who were good at it. When it worked it worked, believe me.

[Watchman]

The Romans AFAIK preferred to rely on their heavy infantry to carry the day, partly as they usually flat out didn't have enough cavalry around for decisive actions. Their horse's role tended to be more to block & contain their opposite numbers, thus safeguarding the flanks of the infantry, and chase down routers as the opportunity presented itself - not that they were by any means adverse to carrying out flank attacks whenver possible of course.

One issue for every cavalry force after it finally managed to disperse its opposite number, however, was that their horses tended to be a bit tired at that point - especially if they'd spent some time chasing after their erstwhile opponents. So before they could turn their attentions to the infantry clash at the center they had to reform and rest their mounts, which just might give the now exposed footsloggers enough time to form a proper closed frontage to deflect them, or even reform into a square...

'Course, commanders worried about getting flanked by enemy cavalry also often made a point of anchoring their flank(s) on suitable geographical obstacles, and where such were not present and the time allowed, created them by having ditches dug, trees felled to form an abatis, and so on.