Materia Celtica
1 - Personal Names for Britons and Goidels
I don't really understand exactly how the names file works, but I can see it contains some odd things, mainly left over from vanilla RTW. Modern Welsh is mixed up with Latin (in one or two cases the same name appears in Welsh and Latin forms) and some incorrect material was added.
Here are some attested names of Britons, some "re-Celticised" from Latin:
Male: Addedomaros Antedios Caratacos Cingetorixs Cogidubnos Cunobelinos Cunomoltos Diras Dumnoceveros Epaticcu Epillos Esuprastos Iovir Lugotorixs Tincomarus Vellocatus Volisios Vosenios
and here are some more from coins where the name was abbreviated. In two cases it's obvious what the full name was, in others they're educated guesses:
Bodvocavaros Cartivellaunos Coriovanos Dumnovellaunos
Heree are names I made up out of known Celtic elements. I noted a tendency (only a tendency, not a hard and fast rule) in giving men names to do with people, animals and physical attributes ("Warrior King", "Hound of Battle", "Girth like Esus") whereas in women names to do with locations and ideas ("Victory", "White Path") I've reflected this (possible) tendency in the elements I've chosen.
Male: Boudisser Catacodantos Catugratios Corcagnos Cumovallos Cunogustus Cunomaros Domacos Dornoduros Ennatomaros Glunomaros Hariovellaunos Inogustus Lugetios Orbogarios Orbogenos Ordovallos Penaxtovaros Rocrimoteros Rounos Senacos Slougorixs Tardovicos Teytorixs Teytovallos Tigernacos Ulcagnos Vidogidas Vodvodanos
Female (only 3 or 4 are atttested): Aiduabu Boudicca Boudivena Brigantognatis Brivobriga Cartimandu Casnavinda Catubrana Cistuvinda Coriocruta Cunoarda Dervagnata Dinudragina Hedennoprista Lavenia Leyca Lugra Matumerca Romelisti Salia Saliariganis Samoriganis Senovara Sitostarna Fravoduba Teytariganis Verctissa Vicopillima Vindosibra
Now surnames - what we have from inscriptions suggests that Britons used two surnames; a patronymic and a tribal name, so if you were Vosenios from the Iceni and your father was Epillos, your full name would be *Vosenios Epilli Icenos. Recycling some names with the genitive case and adding a tribe, we could have: Addedomari Cassos; Antedioi Cantiacos; Carataci Cassos;
Cingetorigos Demeti; Cogidubni Cassos; Cunobelini Trinovants; Dirâs Cassos; Dumnoceveri Brigants; Epaticcous Cassos; Epilli Cornovios; Esuprasti Cassos; Ioveros Silur; Lugotorigos Cassos; Tincomarous Icenos; Vellocati Cassos; Volisioi Parisos; Vosenioi Cassos
I've assumed half the names will belong to the Casse/Cassi, the rest to other tribes.
That's all for the Britons. Liberties I've taken - I've assumed the proto-Celtic *Ø- was still pronounced as /h/ in Brythonic and Irish. Carlos Jordan Colera notes that PIE *eu eventually becameuin Brythonic, so I've assumed fronting happened before levelling and changed Gaulish ou < *eu into ey, with the Y meant to represent an ü sound. I've also speculated that -ntes tribal names were dental stems.
Here are some early Irish names; a mixture of names from the Ogham inscriptions and reconstructed forms of modern Irish names - all male, I don't think we need Eleutheroi females(?) : Actos Alattos Breswalas Brocagnas Ceranas Cunacamas Cunalegas Dumnowalas Glannanas Glasicu Irccitos Ivagenos Lugnas Lugudeccs Neitslas Qasignias Tigernacas Uorgos
(in there are the ancient forms of the Irish names Breasal, Broccán, Domhnal, Eoghan, Niall and Tighearnán)
On the Ogham inscriptions, second names are simple patronymics or else in the form MAQI MUCOI (of the son of the tribe of...) hence: Maqas Breswali; Maqas Cerani; Maqas Cunalegi; Maqas Dumnowali; Maqas Glasiconi; Maqas Ivageni; Maqas Lugni; Maqas Mucoi Ebdana; Maqas Mucoi Gangana; Maqas Mucoi Iwerna; Maqas Mucoi Robogda; Maqas Mucoi Wolunta; Maqas Qasigni; Maqas Tigernaci
There's no Q or W in Irish now, of course, but Q is the value of an Ogham letter and it's generally acknowledged that W became F in the 7th Century.
Caveat - even the Ogham inscriptions are 500 years after the EB timeline.
Some useful web sources
A list of Celtic roots here: http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/ext...cs/MoE-PCl.pdf
A list of Romano-British names here: http://www.asnc.cam.ac.uk/personalnames/
Gaulish & Brythonic names analysed here (in French): http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encycl...iques-3630.htm
Next I'll focus on Gaulish and Celtiberian names. It gets a bit complicated...
EDIT: I've mistakenly put a couple of Irish names in the genitive.
Originally Posted by Elmetiacos
Re: Materia Celtica
In Gaulish, we know sound changes occurred during the EB period and ei was reduced to a long e (ê). But in Brythonic ei appears as wy in Welsh (*neito- > nwyd, *meino- > mwyn) suggesting the reduction didn't happen, but instead there was a back formation *ei > *oi. *ai represents a halfway point. Vled- vs. Vlid- is based on an i > e sound shift in insular Celtic but not in Gaulish.
It makes my head spin!
for a plural of men would make sense- similar to Bavaria [Baia(Boii)-warjoz)
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