The War in Spain: Battles in Edetania, 216BC
Confident after the victories of the previous campaigning season, the proconsul Appius Cornelius Scipio and his legate Decimus Claudius Pulcher crossed the Ebro into Edetania. This was significant, for they were now taking the fight to the Qarthadastim and communities allied to them. The destination was Arse, to rescue the survivors of those still loyal to Rome.
Scipio was also keen to get this matter done, he couldn't get a decent Falernian in this benighted land, and the local wine was atrocious. His personal stocks were running dangerously low. Pulcher monitored his general with some concern, the old warhorse had always liked his drink, but this war was pushing him even deeper into drunkenness. In some respects it didn't matter, Scipio was as capable half-cut as he was sober and hungover, but he was getting careless about his personal security. His praetoria were getting sloppy and complacent, and that could be fatal in battle.
In the early spring, Burrhus Gades and his slave army tried to stop the Romans as they emerged into Edetania. Scipio eagerly offered battle.
He deployed his force in the traditional manner, the Right ala composed of Latins and Italians, the Left ala of Iberian tribesmen. He placed Pulcher on the left to keep an eye on these new additions, who hadn't quite been fully-integrated into the army. His extraordinarii he sent to the right.
At first it seems Gades might try to win the battle single-handedly. His bodyguard charged out, encouraging the slaves forward.
But then he and his army halted, and Gades couldn't get them to attack the Roman lines, despite their superiority in numbers.
Scipio ordered the advance, while his skirmishers deployed forward to harrass the enemy.
As the Romans advanced, Gades slave army simply fell back, refusing to fight.
Though Gades raged and ranted at his men, they wouldn't fight and marched away.
And so he surrendered the field to Scipio. The general pitched camp to raid the surrounding communities.
Scipio's raiding provoked a reponse from the Qarthadastim who had to demonstrate to their allies that they could defend them. An army of mercenaries, levies and others under Celeas Sabratha attacked Scipio's forces later in spring. Their two armies were evenly matched in numbers, although Scipio had a much greater proportion of heavy infantry to Sabratha's higher number of skirmishers and lights.
Scipio deployed as before, with the Italians and Latins in the Right ala, Iberians in the Left.
He noted with some alarm that Sabratha had elephants which threatened the Roman left. The Qarthadastim general also sent all his cavalry to his right, hoping to roll up the Roman left. A subordinate officer, Germelqart Gisgo commanded the Qarthadastim right.
The cavalry scattered the velites as the two armies met on the Roman left. Pulcher levelled his spear and rushed into the fray. Sabratha himself led the charge in the centre, perhaps hoping to draw Scipio into personal combat. With him came the Sacred Band, veterans and brave warriors all.
On the right, fierce Balearic tribesmen drove off the accensi, prompting the extraordinarii to enter the contest. Clouds of skirmishers hurled volleys of missiles at the Roman infantry, who grimly stood their ground and braced their shields.
On the left, the elephants advanced, sending a quail of panic through the Iberians.
Their mahouts turned them to come crashing into the flank of the Iberians and cavalry.
As the extraordinarii lent their strength to that of the Right ala, the Balearic tribesmen were punished severely.
The Campanian cavalry drove off the skirmishers, trying to give the line some breathing room.
On the left, Gisgo strayed into a maniple of principes, and one of the veteran legionaries killed his horse from under him. As the Qarthadastim officer jumped clear and tried to fight his way to safety, another legionary ran him through.
Diverting all his skirmishers to counter the elephant thread, Scipio managed to drive the beasts off, and they attacked their own troops indiscriminately in their flight.
On the right, hardened Liby-Phoenican spearmen and Numidian archers tried desparately to push the Italians back. The Campanians charged into their rear, but to little effect.
Sabratha brought his bodyguard across, forcing the Campanians to flee.
But rather than pressing home, he turn to take charge of the situation in the centre once more. The Campanians took advantage of the reprieve, finishing off the Balearic tribesmen.
The fight on the left dissolved into several localised skirmishes.
On the right, the Numidian archers broke.
Underneath the gaze of the general and their own commander, the Sacred Band fought on.
The pressure began to be felt, the lighter-armoured Qarthadastim being pushed back and taking more wounds than the Romans. Little by little, they gave ground. On the right, the Liby-Phonenicans turned and disengaged in good order, the extraordinarii giving chase.
It proved to be the last act of the battle, the Sacred Band fought to the last, and Sabratha fled the field. His men followed and the rout was bloody.
The following day, having barely had a chance to recover the wounded and bury the dead, Burrhus Gades returned with his slaves. This time however, he stiffened their resolve with mercenaries.
Scipio marched out in the same battle order as he had prevailed against Sabratha.
There was nothing subtle about Gades' tactics, he intended to use his superior numbers to sweep the Romans away. He placed his mercenaries behind the slaves to drive them on, and offer them no route of escape.
Hoping to inspire his men, Gades charged the Roman centre.
For a time the fighting was hard, the sheer weight of numbers against them pushed the Roman lines backwards.
Things were fiercest on the left.
Gades threw his mercenary reserves into the fight, hoping the Romans would be tired.
As the enemy fell back on the right, Pulcher marched the Right ala forwards.
Gades stumbled into the Samnites who swarmed over his horsemen. The Qarthadastim commander screamed for mercy before a spear ended his life.
His piecemeal army broke, tossing away arms and shields in their haste to escape the disaster.
And Scipio's victory was complete.
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