I'm a bit skeptical how far this actually went in most states. The first major supplies of equipment to soldiers was the equipment provided to epilektoi hoplitai regiments in the mid-5th c. and later. And those panoplies, while provided "by the state" to the soldiers, were created as leitourgiai (public works) performed by wealthy members of the society. That's roughly equivalent to the way most states funded their navies: a wealthy member of society performed a leitourgia for the state (sometimes volunteering, sometimes at the command of the state) and had a ship built for the city navy. Sometimes the "leitourgist" then commanded the ship as, for example, its trierarchos--other times he funded the commander or the marines, or other citizens funded them. In the Successor states, my guess is that if we had public arming of soldiers, it would be by means of leitourgiai, where wealthy citizens might equip a number of soldiers, or a group of villagers might equip a single soldier, something like that. The kings themselves could perform a leitourgia, too (good PR) and if there was full-on state-supplied equipment, that may be how it was construed.