Well Sparta and Athens have the Agoge and Athens-specific traits like Eleusian, respectively. However, I've owned Alexandreia several times and I don't get anything special out of it. As the Romans I've had great governors pop up everywhere, though until you can build a big education infrastructure Rome is usually where you want to send them. The family line tends to be more important. I found that if you send a good FM out a-conquering and they get good traits the chances of their offspring being equally good goes up remarkably.