Battle of Epeiros
Winter 257 BC
Avlvs Aemilivs, Qvintvs Aemilivs and Caivs Avrelivs traveled together to Illyria and then separated. While C. Avrelivs went to Epidamnos, the Aemilii headed southwards towards Legio II. They arrived just when winter 257 BC ended. Avlvs Aemilivs took over the commanding position of Legio II, with whose men he had fought for more than 8 years now.
After marching on enemy turf for several days, dispatch riders from his scouts reported a hostile army to be deploying only a few miles away. Avlvs Aemilivs ordered his commanders to strike camp at the next possible spot. He wanted his men to rest before battle.
In the evening A. Aemilivs summoned his commanders, among them his cousins Caivs and Qvintvs Aemilivs, in his tent to discuss the strategy. The enemy was deploying on the main street, that led from the city of Ambrakia to its great harbour, and passed horizontal to the marching direction of Legio II. The street led through a forest, and therefore was tree-lined on both sides. Avlvs Aemilivs intended to lead his men around the enemy army. There was a wood glade in the east, which led to the street. There he could turn west, and approach the enemy up the street.
The way to march was a bit further than the direct one, but the ground was much more easy to march on, since the men would not have to go through the thicket. Furthermore they could keep formation, when approaching the enemy and last but not least, the enemy most likely would not expect this strategy.
Legio II was composed of 9170 soldiers, including the personal cavalry of its commanders. Avlvs entrusted Qvintvs Aemilivs with the command over the reserve troops, which consisted of 1'640 Triarii and 600 Accensi. He had the order to march slightly behind the main force, led by Avlvs himself, and guard the flanks. Should the enemy push back the first battle line, he should drive them back with the Accensi. If the situation was desperate, he shoud bring in the Triarii to cover the retreat and reorganisation of the army.
The command over the cavalry was given to Caivs Aemilivs. The 500 Eqvites Romani and 270 Eqvites Singvlares were meant to hide in the forest on the northern side of the street and surprise the enemy.
In the morning of the next day, the army started to march. As he had suspected, the enemy did not expect the Legion to march around his flanks and approach up the street. But also the enemies had their spies and scouts, so though they had no time to cut the way, they still could regroup and face the Romans. The hostile army was composed of 1150 Hoplitai Haploi and 270 Iphikratous Hoplitai, who hid in the wood. The core of the enemy army was a strong force of 1220 Chaeonion Agema, which was the elite of what Epeiros could field. Their flanks were protected by 820 Thureophoroi 340 Celtic Enoci Curoas and 500 Hippeis. 1200 Akontistai acted as skirmishers. Furthermore the city guard of Ambrakia had joined the hostile force, led by the heir to the kingdom of Epeiros himself. He had brought with him 620 heavy cavalrymen, his Somatophylakes, which means "bodyguards" in Greek. Each and every Somatophylax was a battle-tested and fearsome warrior, mounted on the best breed that was available to the entire kingdom. 800 Illyrioi Paraktioi and 600 Toxotai reinforced the troops. All in all the enemy could field 7'530 men, 1840 of it elite infantry or cavalry. Therefore the army, despite of being smaller in number, could rival the Roman Legion.
Avlvs let array his core in traditional manner. Leves in front to skirmish, Hastati in the first battle line, Principes in the second and the Roarii at the flank. When the men got near the enemy, the hostile general ordered his archers to take down the Leves. Avlvs had reckoned with something like that and had stationed his Leves not so far from the first line as usual, and in lose formation. Nonetheless the enemy archers were quite skilled fellows and managed to kill one or two hundred of them before they could retreat.
But then the enemy made his first mistake. Since Avlvs had stationed his cavalry in the wood and his Trairii marched in compact formation slightly behind the Principes, his Legion looked much smaller than it actually was. The enemy general decided to break the small force in front of him with a single brutal attack of his superior cavalry. When over 1100 horses thundered towards his army, Avlvs quick-thinking let his lighter infantry retreat, while his commanders had the presence of mind to react correctly. Qvintvs sent his Triarii forward. Though they usually only joined battle in desperate situations, he knew that no one could stop cavalry better than these guys. Caivs Aemilivs rode with his cavalry along the edge of the forest, covered by the trees.
The Somatophylakes crashed into the spears of the Triarii, just after many of their horses had been pierced by the Pila of the Hastati behind the Triarii. Caivs Aemilivs attacked with his cavalry the Hippeis who rode behind the Somatophylakes and wore them down.
Caivs Aemilivs fighting the Hippeis
The enemy general fought bravely, but could not avoid to be killed. He fell to the spear of a Triarius. The few survivors fled into the woods. Killing the hostile general was a better start of this battle, than Avlvs ever had imagined. Still the fearsome Somatophylakes had caused many casualties.
Avlvs used the time, in which the enemy army did not move due to the shock, which the death of their leader had caused, to regroup his force and let subserve the wounded. Then the army marched towards the enemy and arrayed on the northern side of the street. The Triarii, which the enemy infantry not yet had seen, and the cavalry hid in the forest. The enemy arrayed on the southern side of the street and also had hidden units in the forest.
The enemy let his heavy Phalanx march, a quite fearsome sight. But this spectacle was only a trick to take the Roman's mind off the Hoplitai Haploi and the Iphikratous Hoplitai, who tried to outflank the Roman Legion. But Qvintvs Avrelivs took notice of them in the nick of time and ordered his reserve and Caivs' cavalry to attack. Driving them back, he personally killed many enemies and thereby saved the Roman army from being attacked from the flank.
Qvintvs Aemilivs killing one of the heavy Iphikratous Hoplitai
Again Avlvs let his troops array in the same formation as before.
Now the enemy came out of the woods and advanced towards Avlvs' formation. Facing the forest of spears of the enemy elite Phalanx, some of the Roman infantrymen in the first battle line shouted "Oh my god, we cannot break through, retreat." Many started to shout "Retreat!", and moved back. Some even started to run into the forest. Avlvs laughed. Apparently his soldiers not only were great fighters but also terrific actors. Of course they were no cowards but were ordered to fake a retreat. The Phalanx advanced to the edge of the forest, but could not go further without giving up its formation. No Phalanx could move among trees. But the eager and undisciplined Celts and Illyrians chased the seemingly routing Romans. They entered the wood, but except for their death cries, nothing of them left the forest ever again. Its flanks unprotected, the enemy elite-phalax was not as fearsome as before anymore. Outmaneuvered by the more flexible Roman troops, they got driven into the woods and surprised by the Caivs Aemilivs and his cavalry. None of the Chaeonion Agema survived, the pride of the enemy's army was broken
When the Phalanx fell, the rest of the enemies routed. Many of them were hunted down. 730 enemies survived the battle, 6'800 would never see home again. Legio II lost exactly 1'000 men, a quite small amount of casualties, if one considers that they had to fight 1220 elite Phalangitai and 620 elite horsemen. Another 700 wounded could be saved from death and garble.
It should be pointed out, that out of the 1000 dead and crippled soldiers, 290 were Leves who fell to the arrows of the Toxotai. No other unit did suffer from so many casualties. One unit of Hastati had suffered from many injured soldiers, but 330 could be saved by the excellent army doctors of Legio II.
After this victory, Avlvs let his army rest. The tired infantry could not move further. But the cavalry was able to ride to Ambrakia. The undefended city had no choice but to open its doors and surrender to the victorious Romans.
Avlvs Aemilivs wrote a letter to Rome, to let it be known that the will of the senate has been carried out.
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