A romani general can get this trait if he wins against and conquers teritories of the given faction - if he gets "vanquisher of Carthaginians" it means he has already won some significant battles and/or has taken some of their provinces.
Take some more from that faction and he will get the Trait "Prospective Triumphator" - this shows that he senate is thinking on giving him a triumph - you should not lead him back to rome because the senate may think he wants to take power as king.
After a few turns he will get a triat which shows that he can return to Rome for his triumph - birng him to rome and keep him there for a full turn and he will get the trait triumphator (+3 influence - corrected. Thank jhowel). I think he might get another triump aswell if he fights well against another faction - but I don't what types of "vanquisher of x" traist exist..
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