It is not possible to say where future historians will place historical fault lines. Not that this will deter me...
Hobsbawm is a famous British historian.
(He's a Marxist!!1!! And thus responsible for Treblinka!!1!) He wrote two books: 'Europe's long nineteenth century: 1789 - 1914'. And the book whose title I tucked into an earlier post here: 'Europe's short twentieth century: 1914 - 1989'.
The latter century is the wretched century. Europe's most bitter.
Not really Hobsbawm, but my own thoughts, say that in the long century, progressive modernism fought reactionarism. And won. Liberal democracy triumphed, destroying the old.
In the second, short, century, liberal democracy in turn was under siege. Somewhat irrelevantly, still from reactionary anti-modernism (for example Franco). More dangerously, from
revolutionary conservatism (f.e. Mussolini, Hitler), and from the peoples that missed out on modernism in the nineteenth century (f.e. Lenin, Stalin, petty East European dictators). These currents each sought to destroy the old too. Fortunately, liberal democracy triumphed again.
Bookmarks