Not near my laptop right now, but I think there's a way to enable tap-clicking instead of depressing the entire touchpad.
Click, hold, and drag items out of the dock, and they go away. The only thing you have to keep there is the trash can; all else is negotiable. Personally, I prefer to have the dock on the left of the screen instead of the bottom. I also like it to hide itself and be much smaller. All of this is available in the control panel.
Default download location for OS X is in your user profile, called "Downloads." It also shows up as a default in the dock. You can change the default download location in Safari (I prefer to have things DL to my desktop, so's I knows what I gots at a glance).
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Most programs install by dragging them into your Programs folder. To speed this up, a lot of installers include a shortcut to your Programs folder in the install package.
There are a few, a very few applications that run a Windows-style installer app. This is frowned upon in the world of OS X, and generally considered bad manners, but some of the bigger apps get away with it (Adobe, Microsoft).
If you dragged the installer icon into your Programs folder, it's installed. Next step might be to drag it onto the dock so's you can one-click to it in a hurry, when the muse is breathing down your neck.
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