I will answer a few that I can.
As in there was a constitution but then people thought there should be more in it so they had a poll in the parliament or whatever you call it to add certain amendments to it as is probably allowed by the constitution under certain circumstances (like 2/3rd majority), is that correct?
It can be amended numerous ways. The vast majority have been introduced in Congress, approved by both houses with a 2/3 majority then were sent to the State Legislature where 3/4 of all the states must approve of it for the amendment to be added. The only amendment that didn't take this exact route was the 21st.
The bill of rights as I understand it is just an umbrella term of sorts for a bunch of very early amendments, like a big patch on release day?
The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which were pushed forward by the anti-federalists soon after the Constitution was ratified. Since this is the internet maybe you can do some research on your own.
How many amendments have been made until now and why is every single sentence it's own amendment?
There have been 27 amendments so far. I don't know how to answer the question right after that, it doesn't really make sense.
Couldn't they just have called the bill of rights as a whole the first amendment if the representatives voted for it as a package or how exactly did/does that work?
There were 12 amendments to my knowledge that the anti-federalists proposed to Congress each one was a different subject (it doesn't make sense to just cram a bunch of different legislation together to reduce the number of amendments) and treated separately with many influenced by the list of grievances the colonists had listed toward the King of England. Of these 12 twelve amendments, only 10 were approved and I don't know why they are in the order they are in, probably because what they regarded as more important were approved faster then others. An important thing to note though is that one of the two of the original twelve which were not ratified was ratified way later (1992), it is the 27th amendment and is the latest one approved.
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