Battles of history with Patrick Goodwin
The battle of Aeclanum 79 BC
[The scene is an army camp in South Italy during a later summer day. It’s noon. The weather is perfect. Most soldiers are relaxing. Some are gambling, some are sleeping under trees, some are eating. The mood is well, only a few soldiers are patrolling in full battle gear. The men look experienced and battle hardened. Suddenly a Roman soldier with a chain mail and a typical Roman helmet rides on a horse into the camp. He descends from the horse and enters a large guarded tent in the middle of the camp
Inside the tent three men are sitting around a table and discussing things. The man in charge is about 55 years old with a sharp look.]

Calatinus: And then this Celtic boy asks me ‘Crusade me? But that’s not nice of you!’ and everyone bursts into laughter - only him standing there with a puzzled look. So I decided to spare his life. Heard he was killed back in his hill town for being a traitor. Bad luck, eh?
[All three men start to laugh. The soldier that just entered does not react and stands emotionless.]
Calatinus: Ah, soldier Verduncus.
[Verduncus quickly puts his right arm up, saluting his leader.]
Verduncus: Consular Calatinus. I bring news from Rome.
[He steps forward and gives him a leathern casket. Calatinus opens it, takes out a piece of paper and starts to read it.]
Calatinus: So what do we have here? More lies from Silanus? Well… Hmm… Interesting. [Pauses]
Gentlemen, Silanus has made me an enemy of the State. You have officially the right to kill me now.
[All three men laugh. Verduncus still stands emotionless.]
Calatinus: Dismissed soldier.
[Verduncus salutes Calatinus and leaves.]
Military legate: So what are you going to do? You can only go back to Greece or face Silanus in battle. And that would mean civil war.
Calatinus: I’m not going to take my legs and run away from that drunken son of whore, that’s for sure. Well…
[Sighs]
I guess Silanus really wants civil war. He shall have it.
[Pauses]
Alright, prepare the men. We leave the camp in three hours. Better not waste any time.
[Three hours later. All tents in the camp are gone. The soldiers, disciplined as they are, are standing in a perfect row. Calatinus and his legates are sitting on horses ready to address the soldiers.]
Calatinus: Soldiers! Men! Friends! Three hours ago I received a transcript from a senatorial resolution. This resolution says that we are trying to overthrow the Republic. Overthrow the Republic? Us? After all we have done serving the republic?
[Takes a deep breath]
A few of you were with me in Sparta, facing the mighty Spartiads. Some of you were with me in Spain testing our mettle against the Cantabrians. And most of you were with me on Crete, fighting off the pirates. And yet they dare to say we want to overthrow the Republic? Are those old men in the Senate mad? We safe their butts and they thank us by making us enemies?
[Looks around, starts to speak in a very loud voice.]
Let us teach this Silanus and the Senate a lesson.
Let them see that we will not step down from our righteous claim from the victories we have won.
Let us face Silanus to show what we are made off.
[The crowd cheers. Some draw their swords and swing them up in the air.]
[A day later. The scene is the Campus Martius, the large field with a few buildings. In the background Rome can be seen, with the Temple of Jupiter. Many soldiers run around gathering their equipment. Silanus, a thin man with a somewhat arrogant look stands in his breast plate among some Senators in their togas.]

Silanus: My good friends. It has come this far – we are marching to war – against Calatinus. I have promised to protect the Senate and the people of Rome. Yet this tyrant refuses to return to Rome without his legions. Clearly this Calatinus is a power hungry man who wants to rule Rome by him self. You all know what brutal men he is. He lusts for blood, killing innocent people in war. What stops him to do the same to us?
This is why we have to face Calatinus and win. Farewell Senators. I will return when Rome is safe from this tyrant. And if that means chasing him to India, I will.
Goodwin: The year is 79 BC and the Roman Republic is in a deep crisis. The Senate is divided into two factions. One the one side, the Optimates, represent the aristocratic elite who has been ruling Rome through the Senate for centuries. On the other side the Populares represent politicians who make politics through the people’s assembly of Rome. Both factions want power in their hands and neither can be compared to a modern democratic party.
In 79 BC two men are about to wage civil war. The first one is the smart Publius Iunius Silanus, an Optimates from an insignificant patrician family. The second one is the charismatic Aulus Atilius Calatinus, a plebeian who rose to the political top through military success. Both men know each other very well, since Calatinus was once the mentor of Silanus. Now they are enemies.
[Later on the same day: Silanus legion is marching to the beautiful Italian landscape. Olive trees can be seen on both sides of the impressive ancient Roman road. On the front a column marches carrying the legionary eagle. Silanus is on a horse riding just a few paces behind them.]
Silanus [speaking to his legates]: This Calatinus is an experienced military leader. He has seen many battles and mastered many battle tactics. But so do I.
The key to success is to break his elite cavalry. This is why I brought Liguarian mercenaries to aid us. They fight with long spears that are perfect to counter his riders.
Military legate: We could deliberately give away the initiative by taking the high ground, let Calatinus flank us and use the Ligurians to counter the attack.
Silanus: Brilliant idea. We could even post ourselves close to a landmark like a large formation of rocks or a wood that would cover one flank entirely forcing Calatinus to use all his cavalry on one side only.

The plan: Silanus main line is red, his mercanaries are grey. Calatinus main line is green, his elite cavarly blue.
Goodwin: A few days later, in early September of 79 BC both armies are in close reach in Campania, in the centre of Italy. Silanus, fearing Calatinus Spanish and Macedonian auxiliary cavalry takes the high ground on a hill near modern day Montemiletto. There he waits for Calatinus. On the 5th of September Calatinus reaches his position. The weather is terrible that day, it rains since the morning.
[The hill of Montemiletto can be seen in the background. It rains and fog clouds the mountains in the back. Calatinus stands in a field and musters the enemy.]
Calatinus: He is trying to lure me to attack, but why? This looks like a trap to me. But what is this boy planning exactly.
Military legate: He might be trying to ambush you from the trees.
Calatinus: Yes probably. If we attack him in this weather his line of sight will be weak. He probably wants me to force my cavalry over one flank. I guess we could disturb his plan by pushing through the forest with the foot soldiers.
Ha!
We will flank him at the one spot were he thinks we cannot. Brilliant. Order the military tribunes to prepare everyone for the attack.

Calatinus plan: Break through the forest with infantry.
Goodwin: Both sides prepare for battle. The soldiers control their equipment and make their prayers. Calatinus and Silanus both give last instructions to their legates and tribunes. They give the orders to the centurions who pass it to their soldiers. The battle is about to begin.

The initial battle formation.
Calatinus: My fellow soldiers. I won’t bore you with long speeches now. The time for talking is over, now is the time for deeds. It’s time to chop down the enemy of the hill. Remember, they are not Romans, they are traitors! I’ll see you behind the enemy line.


[Calatinus rides ahead of his troops. He comes up to the enemy lines in attacking distance.]


Calatinus [shouting to the enemy infantry]: Romans! You are about to fight those men who went out to defend the Republic and the people of Rome. Don’t believe the lies of the Optimates. Disobey their orders. Despite what they tell you, we are not the enemy.
Silanus [to his bodyguard]: Calatinus may be a pig. But I’ll give him that he is one hell of a brave pig. Signal the attack. Order the Scorpions to fire at Calatinus.
[Low pitched trumpets signal Silanus troops to get ready. The artillery (Scorpions) begins to load its arrows]

[The artillery fires their arrows. They hit two bodyguards of Calatinus.
Calatinus gives the signal to attack: Their trumpets sound as well. Suddenly his troops start to run up the hill with their throwing spears in hand. They stop and throw it. The battle has begun.]


[Calatinus soldiers start to charge Silanus line]

Goodwin: Like planned Calatinus surprises Silanus by attacking the flank in the woods. It is in fact the flank that he thought well protected.

[Fighting is happening all over the battle field. It is noisy and hectic. Some people scream caused by stabbing wounds, most people remain disciplined.]




[On the open flank the Liguarians fight the Spanish cavalry]


[Calatinus is close behind his troops, shouting orders.]
Calatinus: Reinforce the centre. And for the sake of Mars, someone order the Spanish fools back from the flank. I’ll be d…
[Calatinus is suddenly pierced through his torso with a large Scorpio arrow. The impact immediately throws him off the horse. Lying on the ground he is mumbling breathless. A few seconds later he stops to move. His legates jump of the horse trying to help him.]

Goodwin: The battle is about to turn. Calatinus is killed by the relatively new artillery weapon. Yet the body of the army continues to fight without its head. The battle is not decided yet. In the forest, where Calatinus ordered his attack, his soldiers make good progress.


Goodwin: Silanus is unaware that Calatinus is dead. All of the sudden his Macedonian cavalry charges out of the nearby woods and kill all soldiers maintaining the Scorpio. Silanus himself attacks Calatinus elite riders.

[There is fighting between Macedonian lancers and Roman cavalry. The lancers are not suited for hand to hand combat and retreat. The Scorpio is unmanned.]


Goodwin: But alas, the battle turns. News spreads that Calatinus is dead and from the centre, where Calatinus was slain, people start to panic and flee.
[A soldier stands on the battle field with blood all over his chain shirt. He screams: ‘We can’t fight without our leader. Save yourself! Run! Run!’ A centurion tries to stop him and wrestle him to the ground, but more and more people start to flee.]

Silanus breaks through. The red X marks the positon of Calatinus death.

Goodwin: The panic spreads quickly among Calatinus troops.

Goodwin: A few groups hold out, but they are encircled by Silanus troops. Strangely enough, Silanus left flank, the flank he had his best troops, breaks away, even after most of Calatinus troops are on the run by now.


Goodwin: Silanus jumps into action once again and charges into his left flank…


Goodwin: … and moments later the last pocket of resistance breaks away as well.




Silanus [shouting to his remaining soldiers]: We did it! We defeated Calatinus. We did it! The Republic is saved.
[catches breath]
By the gods, we have defeated Calatinus.
Goodwin: Silanus had won the battle. Both sides had about 30.000 troops. Calatinus lost 27.000 men, while Silanus lost 18.000 men. The battle of Aeclanum was a dreadful battle with high costs on both sides. But the Optimates had won an important victory nonetheless.
But that was not the end of the story. Silanus returned to Rome. Not as a victor but as an avenger. After this victory the head of the Populares was defeated and Silanus saw his opportunity to destroy the Populares once and for all. He sought to end the civil war. Did it all end with Silanus victory at Aeclanum? Certainly not!
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