After Alexander's dream of conquering the country of perfume, the only real attempt at military conquest was launched by Augustus. This ambitious plan which was again based on vague and contradictory geographical knowledge was launched under Aelius Gallus the Roman prefect of Egypt. The Roman army of ten thousand men moved into Arabia from the north from the Nabataean port of Leuke Kome. Crossing the Arabian peninsula proved disastrous for the Romans. Having set forth to conquer a country of knowledge, glory and wealth, they were decimated by hunger, thirst and heat. The overwhelming military superiority of the Romans that had brought them total victory in the clashes with south Arabian armies with practically no casualties of their own was completely useless. When they arrived within sight of the capital of Saba they had to turn back and retreat.
The return trip was much swifter - sixty days compared to the six months outwards and provided the chance to blame the Nabataean guide for the defeat and justify Aelius Gallus.
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