Okay, so I was originally torn up as to which of the following would be the proper hierarchy for German auxiliaries:
1)
Future
Modal
Perfect
Passive
2)
Future
Perfect
Modal
Passive
The new hypothesis is that the order is as follows:
3)
Future
----Modal A
Perfect
----Modal B
Passive
This predicts that the future will always occur higher in the structure than any other auxiliary, and the passive will always occur lower. Modals and perfective auxiliaries may occur in either order relative to each other, but the difference in ordering will imply a difference in meaning. It would still be very unlikely, of course, to find all four types of auxiliaries in the same clause. Looking through Centurio's suggested examples for various combinations of auxiliaries (post #10), everything seems consistent with this.
One other question this raises for me is whether it's ever possible in a German sentence to have two different modals, one in each of the possible modal slots. I suspect it's not, but it would be very intriguing if it is.
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