Strabon, Geographica III,3,6:
"...τοὺς δ᾽ οὖν Λυσιτανούς φασιν ἐνεδρευτικοὺς ἐξερευνητικοὺς ὀξεῖς κούφους εὐεξελίκτους: ἀσπίδιον δ᾽ αὐτοὺς δίπουν ἔχειν τὴν διάμετρον, κοῖλον εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν, τελαμῶσιν ἐξηρτημένον: οὔτε γὰρ πόρπακας οὔτ᾽ ἀντιλαβὰς ἔχει ... παραξιφὶς πρὸς τούτοις ἢ κοπίς. λινοθώρακες οἱ πλείους: σπάνιοι δὲ ἁλυσιδωτοῖς χρῶνται καὶ τριλοφίαις, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι
νευρίνοις κράνεσιν: οἱ πεζοὶ δὲ καὶ κνημῖδας ἔχουσιν, ἀκόντια δ᾽ ἕκαστος πλείω: τινὲς δὲ καὶ δόρατι χρῶνται: ἐπιδορατίδες δὲ χάλκεαι."
"At any rate, the Lusitanians, it is said, are given to laying ambush, given to spying out, are quick, nimble, and good at deploying troops. They have a small shield two feet in diameter, concave in front, and suspended from the shoulder by means of thongs (for it has neither arm-rings nor handles). Besides these shields they have a dirk or a butcher's-knife. Most of them wear linen cuirasses; a few wear chain-wrought cuirasses and helmets with three crests, but the rest wear
helmets made of sinews. The foot-soldiers wear greaves also, and each soldier has several javelins; and some also make use of spears, and the spears have bronze heads."
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