My knowledge of the american system comes mainly from those relevant to my studies, ie. people like Bruner and this guy. And I use them as my main source, really, I use Norwegians and such mainly as back-up material. Because it's good stuff.
I won't have to deal with backwards religoous stuff like you describe, however, and no censorship either, my hands are pretty much free when it comes to controversial issues.
Overcrowding was an issue in the early 2000's here too, but it has mostly been fixed by now, as the effectivization policies that was started have been scrapped and the usual class size is 20, though teachers typically teach in two classes at the same grade, thus giving each teacher around 40 students in 2-3 subjects.
I blame this on corporate governerning entering the public sector. Things have to be "accountable" and we should provide some numbers, some statistics to prove that we are going forward. But what the politicians fail to see is that you can't introduce incentives, bonuses and such in education. It just doesn't work, not everything in life can be turned into a statistic.
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