I know how you feel, it is sad how bad the AI diplomacy is.
My only solution with Baktria was to blitz the Seleucids immediately, making sure the Parthians are doing the same thing. I take Alexandria-Ariana and Prophthasia for myself first. Then I'd take Antiochia-Margiane and either keep it if I think I can hold it, or give it to Pahlava if I can't, using Force Diplomacy. Saka or Pahlava will usually take care of Marakanda for you, and while a big AS army might build up in Alexandria-Eschate, if it survives the Saka invasion, it doesn't usually do anything to Baktria.
Once that's done, I'd use FD to make peace with AS, who should be tied up fighting Pahlava invaders by this point. That's usually enough to get AS off your back long enough to get Kophen, Alexandropolis and Gandara. With those you've got a strong enough empire to hold off the Seleucids if they return in strength.
In EB, you just have to accept that the stupid Seleucid king is more frightened of you, up till now his loyal satrap, than he is of King Ptolmey or the Pahlava! He's a paranoid idiot, more frightened of potential treachery from a friend than of downright hostility from an enemy. When you think of it like that, it's quite believable, if not quite historical. (Think about the story of Justinian and Belisarius of the Byzantine era, Justinian feared Belisarius more than the barbarians, because he was such a successful general.)
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