A. My understanding of marriage was that divorce was not allowed by the Catholic church and indeed if I remember correctly, the Church of England came about over the ability to divorce.
B. The contract entails very little. It is a mostly symbolic contract. It can be backed out of by either party at any time by saying, "I want a divorce." There is nothing it enforces other than a division of property between the two individuals depending on the terms they set before the contract was made, i.e. did they sign a pre-nup or not?
C. It hasn't been defined historically because marriage over the last 500 years has gone from a sole transfer of property in a very paternalistic fashion, to a victorian social norm that establishes wealth and standing for the parties involved to the more modern definition of a proclamation of love between two individuals.
D. I don't think the way that most people understand should have too much of an effect of what a marriage should entail. If the woman or man doesn't want sex, you simply cannot force them to have sex. It's barbaric any way you attempt to do so.
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