What I read in the Traditional Bowyer's Bible is that longbows and recurves perform well for the same reason, they have a high string angle. Straight short bows generally are less efficient, can't be drawn as far and are uncomfortable to shoot because the limbs are put under a lot of strain when they're fully drawn. Recurving the limbs fixes these problems, so basically, recurving is what you do to the limbs of a short bow to make it perform like a long bow.
I think it may be true that recurve bows have a little bit of an advantage over longbows in arrow speed, but longbows are more accurate and are quieter (which is an advantage while hunting). To me it seems that longbows and recurves are basically equals.
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