It appears that Thueros armed infantry appeared half a century after the start of the game as a evolution of the lighter infantry types that had arisen due to the Greek economy making it difficult for the average citizen militiaman/soldier to arm themselves in the old hoplite kit(on and off warfare for two straight centuries tends to do that). Its another experiment in adapting cheaper to arm peltast/skirmisher types with heavier weapons to perform a more heavy infantry role similar to how the Macedonians developed the phalanx on the cheap.
Source: http://www.ne.jp/asahi/luke/ueda-sar...hikrates2.html
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