I should never have downloaded The Guardian app

[Gilrandir]

Gender and skin colour are biological factors

The former is wrong. Sex is a biological factor, gender is a social construct.

Even in places where people have different levels of skin pigmentation, the concept of a 'black person' does not have to exist

In the former USSR countries where no "native" blacks are in evidence, the term "black" was derogatorily referred to Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaidjanians and other inhabitants of the Caucasus. Curiously, "black" (referring both to the above mentioned nationalities and afrowhateverians) has a derogatory and offensive connotation, while "Negro" is considered to be neutral.