I don't think this is in any way special in the US. Maybe a little worse, but other countries' tax codes are just as weird and partially written by lobbyists.
As for the last part, technically yes, but that doesn't make the effect the same, because there is a difference in which individuals pay more. When a corporation has to pay(collect) more taxes, it cuts into the profits, profits which would otherwise go to wealthy investors. It's more of a wealthy people tax than, say, an income tax that only applies to wages and not capital income. The argument that the big business will then create fewer jobs is invalid, because by taxing the little man less, he can start more smaller companies that also create jobs. If only billionaire investors can create jobs anymore, you did something else wrong and have basically made them your inofficial rulers who you depend on.
I wasn't making a moral argument, if you were going to prosecute moral fraud and/or adjust the laws accordingly, two thirds or more of your billionaire class would probably be in jail. Though to be actually moral (throwing everybody in jail for revenge is a bad idea), you'd just nationalize most of their assets.
Then again nationalizing assets they have in Caribbean states might cause some moral issues again (invasion? bullying?).
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