Which means that could and should be used to increase or maintain homogeneity in a society is a separate topic. The pros have to be weighed against the cons for each method.
Most or all of the ex-communist/socialist countries of Europe had little experience with democracy before their most recent spell as authoritarian states, and the recent decades spent as dictatorships did not help to prepare them for an existence as well-governed democracies. So they have some catching up to do.
I'll use this opportunity to state that I don't know if I find concepts like European culture or identity to be very useful in most contexts. Probably a bit too abstract and/or vague.Would you agree with such measures given that rap is not part of European culture and ethnic identity?
International cultural exchange should be able to help reduce global heterogeneity, while within individual countries, the consequences seem less obvious.
Could start by looking at number of massacres committed by the government (cf. your link), the number of people sent to gulags and the ability of the average citizen to influence governance (e.g. by voting).
The point is that you can recruit and convert people locally to the ideology of communism by agitating for things like global revolution, equality for all, rights to the worker etc. This should be much more exciting and convincing than stationery.The communist parties were never local, they were under command of the Central Committee.
And modern Chechnya (as whole Russia indeed), has ideology all right - the co called staples (skrepy). But that doesn't cancel dependence on the law enforcement bodies or/and former warlords.
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