I think that mid-tier units who have a stronger version available are in play too little. These are mostly minor city and especially, large city units where there is a better version once you reach huge city. In my Julii game, I mostly used Hastati, Princeps and Equites then jumped to Praetorian cavalry and Urban cohorts. The units in between them saw very little action.
1. In my opinion, population is the major factor. Because population growth is based on a percentage, it takes a longer time to go from level 1 to level 2 (400-2000) and level 2 to level 3 (2000-6000) than it takes to go from level 3 to level 4 (6000-12000) and level 4 to level 5 (12000-24000). It takes a really long time before the level 3 and 4 units are available and by then, the level 5s are nearly available.
2. Training units have more of an effect in the earlier levels than in the later levels. A 16000 city with a 1% population growth training a hastati will actually gain a net of around 80 while a 4000 city with a 2% population growth will just break even. This delays getting to level 2 and 3 more and delays getting to level 5 less.
3. Squalor also plays a part. In the early levels, my priority is income, then military and I can ignore public order. In the later levels, public order comes first, then income if I need it before military.
4. Building length plays a large part as well. At the early levels, I can build military buildings quickly. Once I reach 12000, however, I need to start building public order buildings before military buildings. Because of building lenght, once I'm done with the military buildings, I'm almost at 24000. I plan as best as possible to have my cities stop growing at 24000 so public order buildings are not as necessary since if they haven't revolted by the time I reach 24000, they won't revolt ever.
I'm thinking that lowering the population requirements for the earlier levels will help. If it makes the barbarian factions too powerful, it could be changed to only affect the civilized factions. After all, the most powerful barbarian units are almost as powerful as the most powerful civilized units, anyway.
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