Hmm you did a lot of weird things, any of them could be the bug... first, you made the building inaccessible to any faction, but that shouldn't be a problem, if it starts in a rebel city... Then, there's a lot of hardcoded stuff regarding the temples, so adding these is tricky. Try changing it to just 'shrine of Iehovah', first level. The description doesn't have to match the name in the export_descr_buildings file, it can be called anything there, even 'building25' as long as the description and name in the export_buildings.txt is correct... you don't need to have all the 'desc' and 'desc_short' entries in the dictionary if you don't use them. Just general and parthian ones is enough.
Perhaps the problem is with the factions list, I've never tried it this way.. there's a simpler method to make a building unavailable: just write 'requires factions { parthian, } and'
with 'and' at the end of the line and nothing else. It will give you a bug message after you quit, but you'll be able to play without any problems.