Online History Resources

**druzhina** · 06-09-2012, 11:44

12thC Arabic & Frankish costume in the Cappella Palatina

The painted wooden ceiling of the Palatine Chapel in Palermo, Sicily, was completed in the early 12th century by arabic painters, with some 15th century overpainting.

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The Painted wooden ceiling of the Cappella Palatina, Palermo, Sicily, Cappella Palatina page 2, Cappella Palatina page 3, Cappella Palatina page 4 & Cappella Palatina page 5

Not to be confused with the 15th century wall mosaics.

Mirror site
The Painted wooden ceiling of the Cappella Palatina, Palermo, Sicily

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sites of wargaming interest

**druzhina** · 06-18-2012, 11:09

Illuminations from the collection of Icelandic sagas, the Flateyjarbok, 14th century
These include the kettle helmets that became popular in Scandinavia by the 14th century.
King Harold Fine-Hair cutting the fetters from the giant Dofri.
St Olaf Killed.
Soldiers in combat in the Flateyjarbók
Olaf Tryggvason depicted killing a wild boar and a sea-ogress.
Men with pole-arms in the Flateyjarbók
Hakon Hakonarson, King of Norway, and Skuli Baroarson.
King Harald I of Norway receives Norway out of his father's hands
A man with sword and shield in the Flateyjarbok
A King & servant in the Flateyjarbok

MIRROR SITE
Illuminations from the collection of Icelandic sagas, the Flateyjarbok

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Scandinavian Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 06-25-2012, 08:50

Franks & Saracens in the painted windows in the monastery church of St Denis, early 12th century
The windows in the monastery church of St Denis were destroyed during the French Revolution, but, copies were published in Les Monuments de la Monarchie Françoise in 1729.
There are 10 windows on 5 plates:
St Denis Plate 50 Nicaea
St Denis Plate 51 Antioch
St Denis Plate 52 Jerusalem
St Denis Plate 53 Ascalon
St Denis Plate 54 Ascalon continued
with text in the original French and an English translation.

Ian Heath based 4 drawings of Syrian cavalry, a drawing of a Sudanese Spearman and a Frankish Knight on these.

MIRROR SITE
Franks & Saracens in the painted windows in the monastery church of St Denis, early 12th century

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12th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 06-29-2012, 04:19

Paintings of Turkmen Nomads by Siyah Qalem

A collection of paintings of Turkmen Nomads from manuscript Hazine 2153 of the Sarai Albums by the Siyah Qalem (Black Pen) school and a drawing and description of a Turkoman Tribesman, by Ian Heath, based on these.

Larger images:

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Mirror Site
Turkmen Nomads from manuscript Hazine 2153 of the Sarai Albums by the Siyah Qalem (Black Pen) school and a drawing and description of a Turkoman Tribesman, by Ian Heath
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14th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 07-01-2012, 02:40

The Baptistère de Saint Louis is a hammered bronze basin inlaid with gold, silver and niello. It was made by Mohammed ibn al-Zain about 1320–40 in Egypt or Syria, during the Bahri Mamluk reign (1250–1382).

Mamluks on the Baptistère de Saint Louis

Figures around the outside of the Baptistère de Saint Louis
Mounted figures in roundels between figures around the outside of the Baptistère de Saint Louis

Figures inside the rim of the Baptistère de Saint Louis

**druzhina** · 07-11-2012, 07:52

Middle Eastern Costume in manuscripts:

For lower class costume see:
Timurid costume in the 'Book of Fixed Stars' ('Book of Fixed Stars' (Kitab suwar al-kawakib al-tabita) by 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Umar al-Sufi, BnF ms Arabe 5036, c.1430-1440, Samarkand.
Timurid Assault on a Castle, 1475-1500 (featuring crossbows)
'Shaykh Mahneh and the Villager' from a 1487 Mantiq al-tair (Language of the Birds)
Building the Mosque of Samarkand, c1469-1506 Zafarnama
Timurid Battle Scene from a 1485-86 Zafarnama
The building of the palace of Khvarnaq from a 1494-95 Khamsa by Nizami
Public punishment of three miscreants by Timurids

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Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 07-17-2012, 04:45

Georgian Illustrations
Georgian Soldiers on an Icon from Shemokmedi, 11th century

Illuminations in the 12th Century Georgian "Jruchi Gospels"

A 12th Century Georgian Fresco in Vardzia Monastery
Georgian Illuminations from the Djruchi II Four Gospels, 12-13th Centuries, (Second Tetraevangelion of Jruchi)
Georgian Psalters 13th-15th centuries:
. Georgian Psalters (H-1665), f.192v Massacre of the Priests, Women & Children of Nob by Doeg
. Georgian Psalters (H-1665), f.205r Battle of the Israelites against King Hadadezer
. Georgian Psalters (H-1665), details of Goliath's helmet from f.230r & f.230v
. Georgian Psalters (H-1665), f.233r David before King Saul.
. Georgian Psalters (H-1665), Presents to King Solomon

A Georgian cavalryman in Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath
A Georgian 15th century enamel of St. George killing the dragon
A Georgian Soldier in Costumes anciens et modernes: habiti antichi e moderni di tutto il mondo by Cesare Vecellio, 1590s
A Georgian Foot Soldier by Melchior Lorck, 1576
Illustrations from a Georgian 17th century manuscript of The Knight in Panther's Skin

MIRROR SITE:

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

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Georgian Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 07-27-2012, 07:45

Ilkhanid Mongol Illustrations in the 1305-14 Jami' al-Tawarikh (Universal History or Compendium of Chronicles) by Rashid al-Din.
Ilkhanid Mongol Heavy Cavalry
Ilkhanid Mongol Light Cavalry
Arab Cavalry

Individual Folios:
Edinburgh manuscript Or 20:
The dying Rostam shoots Shaghad, f15v
Eskandar enters the Land of Darkness, f19r
Mahmud of Ghazni in robe from the Caliph
Mahmud of Ghazni crosses the Ganges
Besieged defenders of a town advancing to battle, f125
Battle Between Abu'l-Qasim and the Samanid Muntasir, f170r
Muntasir Crossing the Jayhun, f170r
Mongols besieging a City
Kublai Khan on an elephant
Mongols in battle
Khalili manuscript 727:
Battle of the Pandavas and the Kauravas, a scene from the Indian epic, the Mahabharata, f25a
The Execution of Jalal-al-Din Firuzshah II (r1290-96), the Khalji, sultan of Delhi, by his rebellious nephew, f27a
Ravan, king of Lanka and king of the demons, lies dead before Rama, a scene from the Indian epic, the Ramayana, f30b
Mohammed exhorting his family before the battle of Badr, f66a
Mohammed leading Hamza and the Muslims against Banu Qaynuqa
Mohammed receiving the submission of the Banu Nadir

Ilkhanid Mongol Light Cavalry by Ian Heath
A modern drawing of, & notes on, Ilkhanid Mongol Heavy Cavalry by Ian Heath
Drawings of, & notes on, Heavy Cavalry by Ian Heath: Persian Cavalryman c1320 Persian Cavalrymen c.1335 Persian Cavalrymen c.1335 in Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath
Bedouin Tribesmen in Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath
Mongol Standards in Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath

MIRROR SITE:
Ilkhanid Mongol Illustrations in the 1305-14 Jami' al-Tawarikh (Universal History or Compendium of Chronicles) by Rashid al-Din.

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Ilkhanid Mongol Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 08-03-2012, 04:09

Illustrations from Kitab al-makhzun li arbab al-funun by al-tarabulusi. A manual of military practice and horsemanship, 1578-1579

Featuring:
Incendiary arms and incendiary bombs
Hand-to-hand combat
Horse archery
Archery
Crossbows

mirror site
Kitab al-makhzun li arbab al-funun by al-tarabulusi. A manual of military practice and horsemanship, 1578-1579

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16th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 08-08-2012, 08:52

Spanish Soldiers in Frescoes from the Church of San Baudelio de Berlanga, Soria - 12th century

Including large pictures of:
Spanish spearman with shield & A drawing of a Spanish Town Militiaman based on this fresco
Sleeping soldiers and The Three Marys at the Sepulchre
Archer Hunting with Crossbow
Horseman Hunting
Mounted Falconer

The tassels on the shield are similar to those in the Siege of Jerusalem, Beatus of Liébana, Las Huelgas Apocalypse, Spain, 1220AD and on later adarga shields.

MIRROR SITE:
Spanish Soldiers in Frescoes from the Church of San Baudelio de Berlanga, Soria - 12th century

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Spanish Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 08-09-2012, 11:24

Illustrations of Turkmen of Anatolia from Iskandar-namah (The Book of Alexander the Great), 1416

Alexander and philosophers
Battle between Alexander and Darius III
Army of Alexander
Alexander and philosophers
Battle between Alexander and Porus
Combat of Alexander and the dragons
Alexander sailing
Council presided over by Alexander
The army of Murad I
Alexander in the land of the Amazons

MIRROR SITE:
Illustrations of Turkmen of Anatolia from Iskandar-namah (The Book of Alexander the Great), 1416

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Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 08-13-2012, 03:02

Romano Byzantine Illustrations in the Ashburnham Pentateuch Manuscript, 6th-7th Century
Esau with bow, from the Ashburnham Pentateuch
Joseph supervises the harvest in the years of plenty & a detail of Joseph
Pharaoh allowing Joseph to go to Canaan, a detail of Pharaoh & Joseph & a detail of Isaac blessing Joseph's sons
The Hebrews forced to build an Egyptian city, a detail of Pharaoh's guards & a detail of an overseer
The Hebrews forced to make bricks & a detail of Pharaoh

Pharaoh's army drowns & a detail of the drowning soldiers

7th Century Visigothic Infantryman in Armies of the Dark Ages by Ian Heath based on the Ashburnham Pentateuch

MIRROR SITE:
Esau with bow, from the Ashburnham Pentateuch

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Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 08-18-2012, 11:53

Chessmen from Uig, Lewis, western isles of Scotland, c.1150-1175, Portraying Warriors

**druzhina** · 08-25-2012, 04:18

Illustrations to the 1590s Persian translation of the memoirs of Mughal Emperor Babur: the Baburnama

mirror site
Illustrations to the 1590s Persian translation of the memoirs of Mughal Emperor Babur: the Baburnama

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Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-03-2012, 03:57

Andalusian costume in illustrations from the story of Bayad and Riyadh (Hadith Bayad wa Riyad), 13th century

f. 1r. Frontispiece
f. 2v. Image of The Old counseling Bayad and warning.
f. 3v. Image of Riyadh passed out and of the maids that sprinkle her face with rose water and camphor, The Old staying with them, and image of the building.
f. 4v. Image of Sumul playing the lute in the garden in front of his Lady and image of the bridesmaids and The Old listening with them.
f. 9r. Image of Riyadh playing the lute in the garden in front of the image of Lady and Bayad, The Old and all the bridesmaids.
f. 10r. Image of Bayad playing the lute in the presence of the Lady and her entourage.
f. 13r. The Lady (alsayyida) who speaks with The Old (al-'aguz) and Riyadh
f. 15r. Imagine of The Old scolding Bayad
f. 17r. Image of Sumul who speaks to Bayad who is near the garden on the river and she hands him a letter from Riyadh.
f. 19r. Image of Bayad lying, passed out, on the bank of the river and image of the young relative of The Old who stops beside his companion and gives a funeral eulogy, both located in front of one of the gardens of the River Tartar.
f. 22r. Image of Bayad together with the women in the house, while delivering the letter of Riyadh
f. 26v. Image of Riyadh prostrate in front of her Lady and image of The Old and the maids who look on.
f. 28r. Image of The Old who visited Bayad in his house and found him asleep, sitting next to his head and reciting the verses.
f. 31r. Image of Bayad playing chess with a relative of the Old (the qarib) and image of the Old who visited them.

MIRROR SITE:
Andalusian costume in illustrations from the story of Bayad and Riyadh (Hadith Bayad wa Riyad), 13th century

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Spanish and North African Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-05-2012, 00:52

Ottoman Soldiers from contemporary European Illustrations by Melchior Lorck, 1579-83

These have been widely copied including by modern artists.
The swaggerer-sipahi
A bearded archer-solak
A soldier wearing a turban
A soldier walking to right
A Janissary walking
A rascal
An imperial bodyguard
A Janissary (Yeniceri)
A soldier holding a lance
A Turkish soldier
A bearded archer-2
A Janissary
A Cannoneer
A footsoldier running
A border soldier
A foot soldier
Turkish foot soldier
A soldier with lance and shield
A soldier
A soldier wearing a helmet
A cavalry member
A foot soldier with pole-axe
A rider with a large double banner
A knight on horseback
A Spahi
A man on horseback holding a lance
A Turkish warrior
A running soldier
A Turkish archer
A bearded archer
A corpulent Turkish soldier
A governor-Beglerbeg
Spahi
The reckless soldier
An officer on horseback
A Janissary general on horseback

Standards, horses, baggage by Melchior Lorck
Three military standards
A standard bearer on horseback
A tent on the banks of a river
A saddled camel
A Tartar ladder wagon
Executioner
Rider In Hood
Rider On Baggage_Horse
Official
A master of provisions
A kettledrum player riding a camel
Two wagons
A Tartar baggage horse
A beast of burden-a mule
A sumpter horse
A saddled battle horse
A military horse laden with provisions
A nobleman's horse
A horse tied to a tree
A bridled horse

Tartars, Kurd & Georgian by Melchior Lorck
A Kurdish soldier
A Tartar Archer
A Tartar Walking
A Tartar
A Georgian foot-soldier

Mirror site:
Ottoman Soldiers from contemporary European Illustrations by Melchior Lorck, 1579-83

Druzhina
Illustrations of Ottoman Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-06-2012, 07:23

Ottoman military pictures from Hans Sloan's Album 'The Habits of the Grand Signor's Court', c.1620

Larger Images:
A Peyk, or running footman
Bostanci basi
Ulak
Silahdar
Peyk
Yeniceri
Seferli. A Janissary on campaign
Yeniceri asci
Torba oglani. A young Janissary in training
Sipahi
Cebici
Topcu
Seyban
Reis
Azeb
Cezayir
Zurnaci
Davulcu
Egyptian youth
Rumeli sipahi
Tatar
Peyk basi
Kul oglan, the son of a yeniceri
Sipahi zade, son of a sipahi

Mirror Site
Ottoman military pictures from Hans Sloan's Album 'The Habits of the Grand Signor's Court', c.1620

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17th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

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**druzhina** · 09-09-2012, 06:29

Prints after Caspar Luyken of Ottomans from Abraham a Sancta Clara's Neu-eröffnete Welt-Galleria, 1703 after Luyken

A Turkish Border Pasha after Luyken
A Janissary after Luyken
A Peik after Luyken
A Eunuch after Luyken
An archer of the Turkish Galleys - Azab after Luyken
A Tartar after Luyken
Mustapha II, Ottoman Sultan after Luyken
A Turkish mute after Luyken
Tribute Children after Luyken
The Koran Carrier after Luyken
A Janissary in Full Dress after Luyken
A Turkish Border Pasha - Delli after Luyken

MIRROR SITE
Prints after Caspar Luyken of Ottomans from Abraham a Sancta Clara's Neu-eröffnete Welt-Galleria, 1703

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18th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-11-2012, 06:40

Ottoman Illustrations by Jean Brindesi, 1855

Ottoman Illustrations from Elbicei Atika. Musée des Anciens Costumes Turcs de Constantinople by Jean Brindesi, 1855

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

Generally larger images from a set of Turkish postcards made in the 1950s

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

MIRROR SITE:
Illustrations of Ottomans by Jean Brindesi, 1855

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Illustrations of Ottoman Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-13-2012, 10:07

The present state of the Ottoman Empire by Sir Paul Rycaut, 1667

A Janizary.
A spahi.
The Chaousbashee or cheife of the pursuivants.
Delee, or one of the Viziers guard.
Emir Bashee, or head of Mahomets kindered.
Janizar Agasi or generall of the Janizaries.
Men in the Turkish royal court, 17th century.
Men in the Turkish royal court (2), 17th century.
The prime Vizier.

MIRROR SITE:
The present state of the Ottoman Empire by Sir Paul Rycaut, 1667

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sites of wargaming interest

**druzhina** · 09-17-2012, 11:02

Ottoman Military Illustrations from Hans Weigel's Habitus Praecipuorum Populorum (Trachtenbuch), 1577

Larger Images:
Turkish emperor on horseback
Turkish emperor
Turkish imam
Peik
Solak
Janissary
Imperial guard
Footsoldier to an emir
Christian footsoldier
Deli
Turkish soldier with pickaxe
Turkish cannoneer
Azab / Azap
Turkish groom
Egyptian from Cairo

MIRROR SITE:
Ottoman Military Illustrations from Hans Weigel's Habitus Praecipuorum Populorum (Trachtenbuch), 1577

See also Ottomans by Albert Kretschmer, 1882 based on Hans Weigel's Prints.

Druzhina
Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-21-2012, 10:57

Costumes anciens et modernes: habiti antichi e moderni di tutto il mondo by Cesare Vecellio (ca. 1521-1601)

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MIRROR SITE:
Costumes anciens et modernes: habiti antichi e moderni di tutto il mondo by Cesare Vecellio (ca. 1521-1601)

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sites of wargaming interest

**druzhina** · 09-24-2012, 05:39

Sources used by Ian Heath for 12th century knights in Armies of Feudal Europe 1066-1300:
2. KNIGHT c.1100
. The Modena Archivolt

3. KNIGHT c.1160
. The sleeping soldiers at the Resurrection, Pulpit of William, Cagliari Cathedral

4. KNIGHT c.1175
. including the Seal of Philippe d'Alsace
. Effigy of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex
. Painting of Simon de Montfort in a window at Chartres Cathedral
. Constance delivers the infant Frederick to the Duchess of Spoleto &
. Diepold von Schweinspeunt in the Liber ad honorem Augusti by Pietro da Eboli

5. KNIGHT c.1180
. Plate 3, The Hortus Deliciarum by Herrad of Landsberg

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sites of wargaming interest

**druzhina** · 09-25-2012, 08:05

Illustrations of warriors from Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana, from Saint-Sever SW France, before 1072

The Four Horsemen
Monstrous Cavalry
Ten Kings and their Army
Victory of the Lamb
Kings mourning about Babylon
Eschatological Combat
Note the early depiction of the couched lance in Eschatological Combat and the forward leg riding style of the Monstrous Cavalry.

French Infantry from Armies of the Dark Ages 600-1066 by Ian Heath, based on the Ten Kings and their Army from the Beatus de Saint-Sever

MIRROR SITE:
Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana, from Saint-Sever SW France, before 1072

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11th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-25-2012, 10:27

Pictures of Napoleonic Egyptians & Ottomans from Napoleon's Egypt Campaign
Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign
The scholars Napoleon took with him to Egypt prepared a multi-volume work called "Description De L'Egypte".
Illustration of a Mameluke from Description De L'Egypte, Vol II, plate D, Left Panel
Illustration of an Alexandrian Sailor from Description De L'Egypte, Vol II, plate D, Right Panel
30 Illustrations from Description De L'Egypte, Vol II, plate K:
. 1, 2 & 3: Militairy Costumes including Janissary
. 4: Militairy Costume
. 5: Bey
. 6: Diverse Costume
. 7, 8 & 9: Mameluke, Bey & Diverse Costume
. 10 & 11: Diverse Costume & Militairy Costume
. 12: Arab
. 13 & 14: Dancers
. 15: Arab
. 16 & 17: Sheik & Mameluke
. 18 & 19: Sheik & Diverse Costume
. 20 & 21: Sheiks
. 22, 23 & 24: Diverse Costumes
. 25: Women in the harem
. 26: Bride
. 27: Women in the harem
. 28, 29 & 30: Coptic Scribe & Diverse Costumes

MIRROR SITE
Illustration of a Mameluke from Description De L'Egypte, Vol II, plate D, Left Panel

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18th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers

**druzhina** · 09-26-2012, 02:23

Ottoman Turkish Illustrations from:
Peter Mundy's Album, A briefe relation of the Turckes, their kings, Emperors, or Grandsigneurs, their conquests, religion, customes, habbits, etc, Istanbul, 1618

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MIRROR: Peter Mundy's Album, A briefe relation of the Turckes, their kings, Emperors, or Grandsigneurs, their conquests, religion, customes, habbits, etc, Istanbul, 1618

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sites of wargaming interest

**druzhina** · 09-27-2012, 08:03

Liber ad honorem Augusti, by Pietro da Eboli, Sicily, c.1197
The Liber ad honorem Augusti sive de rebus Siculis tells the story of Tancred of Lecce's attempt to take control of Sicily, an attempt thwarted by the successful military campaign of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.

Thumbnails for Liber ad honorem Augusti, by Pietro da Eboli
The Image Links:

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