Webbird, all I can tell you is that problems with names cause CTD before you start the campaign, and problems with provinces usually dump you back to the main menu when you try to start a campaign, allowing -show_err to work. I don't think the problem you are experiencing lies in provinces themselves, or in combinations of faction_creator and default culture.
At least, that is no error I have ever seen when working with provinces, and I've worked with a lot. It seems more like an error in traits or a script error; that is where you often see errors after you have hit "end turn" and the turn moves on to another faction, then CTD's.
The other place this happens is with unit or building definitions. If certain buildings can build units that don't have the correct ownership, or other things defined in buildings, including (I think) problems with hidden resources, you might get this.
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