I am not sure if there is a thread out there and I have tried looking but...

What exactly is supposed to happen that doesn't currently happen if the player recruits or retrains troop in a province without a government, or what happens that is isn't supposed to.

I conquered a province and started building a level 1 and started retraining my troops. Then I remembered that I wasn't supposed to do that, so I cancelled all the builds and built a level 4 goverment, waited 2 turns and then retrained my units. However, I couldn't tell what was different.