The principle of socialism is one after each abilities and one after each needs.
When it comes to taxes we can clearly consider that we're stuck with it, it originates from paying the bully to protect us from other bullies.
So why can't we make something useful for those money that isn't gonna be used properly 95% of the time (AKA defend the taxpayers from invasion)?
As for the schools and infrastructure, it's investing money that will be benefical with time.
Public healthcare is also benefical for the state (healthy workers works better), while it's at the same time a system that is helping you from bad luck in case you got sick (or severly wounded) and that sickness is expensive (impossible to work and/or expensive treatment).
I'm not sure what a libertarian view is here, letting the person die if they can't pay? Or making the family lose thier pension money (you did remove pension remember?). Maybe only bankrupsy, lets only hope that they'll be good enough for working afterwards then.
Pensions are set up as a reward system, pay more taxes, get more pension. Keeps the children from the burden of being forced to pay for the parent in case things got bad (see above). Doesn't give any economical disadvantages outside the not working part anyway, in both cases the money is back in the money flow, unless you save in the mattress.
Now it comes to the big issue: welfare.
First we got the part for the sick and disabled (mentally or physically). Medical check is first needed to make sure that they are sick/disabled and then I consider it important to find out how much work they can do. Then you put the disabled at work through some king of arrangement.
As for them to even end up in this category they'll work less good than an average worker, they'll never end up with a proper job and as the options is: a) Let them works as well as they can. b) Do nothing and pay them to make them survive. Or c) Do nothing and let them die. Suggestion a) seems best for me by some reason.
For the sick try to make them come back into work ASAP, without them end up sick again. Why waste a good worker if they can come back?
Now to the unemployment. Give them a few month and if they haven't found job yet, do some arrengments to get them into working for their payments. Good enough money to live on, but not enough for a rich life (to keep them searching for better jobs). Bad luck and trouble finding a job is one thing, bad working morale is something different.
For extra taxes on the rich.
Good and hard job that needs high education is supposed to be rewarded, but at some point it's simply too much. I cannot see how a person that is working as a director on a large company for 2 years is working so good that he has earned 30 times the pay of a regular worker and then is rewarded with 3 times the average pay a month for the rest of his life, regardless what he does next. And that when the company goes from black to red numbers in profit.
The point of being socialist is that you've realised that there's enough wealth in the world for everyone to survive, that people is different and that not all from rough conditions can become a stunning success by themself, thus it's your duty to help them make something decent of themself. And because people is some greedy bastards, it's better to tax people with a faceless system (with checks and controls to make it work well) than hoping that charity will work that way. And by keeping all people into the system, odds is that you'll get better people on all places as the competition is higher.
This is the ideal from my point of view, it may be flawed due to inefficency and abuse, but it isn't more flawed than your ideals. And it's a much nicer ideal.
And DA call yourself constitutionalist please, it's easier than change the meaning of a work into something completly different. I'ts complicated enough with American liberal and European liberal. Making a definition that would make Panzer into a liberal is confusing to say the least.
For the constitution itself, I would say keep to it and the changes made should follow the direct translate of the Swedish words for common sence (common sence is oddly enough not common), namely sound sence (or healthy sence). But as this is the US you're doomed on this matter.
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