well, according to my history teacher when i was a kid, when the persians all migrated from somewhere in russia, they were originally from the Aryan race. the migrating group broke into 3.
1 went to germany, and so the WWII fuss about the aryan race
another went to modern day iran. (persia)
the last group settled in northern india.
the ones who settled in iran again broke into 3 sub-groups.
1 - Medes? (not sure of the english. in Farsi/Persian they were called the MAAD i think) they were quite small. i think they had a few fights with the babylonians or the assyrians. not too sure. too long ago.
2 - the Fars who set up the famous Achaemenid empire. they took over the medes people above. also its because of them that the iranian language is called Farsi i believe. (in farsi they r called Hakhamaneshid)
3 - the last group where the Pars people, who set up the Parthian kingdom. (in farsi they r called the Ashkanian, name after their first king, Ask, or Arashk i think)
so basically each group got their turn in different times. after all that, the sassanids (Sasanian) took over, and they were all just called persian. not much more distinction between the 3 groups from what i remember.
hope that provides some info.
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