As Voltaire famously said, the Holy Roman Empire "...[was] neither holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire."Originally Posted by aWisler
The HRE arose from Charlemagne's attempt to reestablish the western half of the Roman Empire. He never succeeded in doing so, able to control only what are now France and Germany and some of northern Italy. He was crowned by Pope Leo III as "Imperator Augustus" on Christmas Day of the year 800, and so it was accepted, although not fact, that he was the protector of what would become the Catholic Church. The name vaguely comes from this, although nobody is exactly sure where it actually came from.
The Frankish practice of dividing one's lands amongst one's sons eventually led to the fracturing of Charlemagne's lands into 3 parts; Charles got France, Lothar the Rhineland and northern Italy, and Lewis got the other part of Germany. Eventually, a man named Otto gained control of the German parts of what was Charlemagne's empire, and was crowned in 962.
Otto and his followers considered themselves the new "caretakers" of the Roman Empire, but they didn't make it too obvious so as not to anger the Byzantines (whose kingdom really WAS the Holy Roman Empire).
In all but name the "Holy Roman Empire" is really just a collection of the various German states in Central Europe. Thus, when Hitler declared Nazi Germany to be the "Third Reich," he was essentially saying "Third Holy Roman Empire" (he First was the one Otto gained control of, the Second was the one that was created by Bismarck in the late 1800's), or, although he never actually said it, "Fourth Roman Empire." Oddly enough, Hitler got closer to controlling the former lands of the Roman Empire than anyone else...
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