Oki I have been doing some tests with various configurations.
The "spear" attribute, is what seems to give cavalry bonuses, so that much is ok.
The "light_spear", does not give bonuses, the unit does not receive bonus fighting cavalry in its Info scroll.
"Phalanx" formation equips units with longer spears, without it they get shorter ones,(this is well known).
The interesting attribute is "short_pike", this equips the unit with a spear that is as long as a unit without phalanx capability (shorter than Greek Hoplite), however, this has a different animation, the unit holds the spear straight under the forearm, and remains in a phalanx fashion even if not in that formation, so they run with spears extended in front of them like if they were in phalanx formation instead of holding the spear upwards.
Here is a unit of auxilia, with short_pike, no phalanx capability.
And a unit of Greek Hoplites with short_pike, phalanx capability removed.
The Hoplites do not fight with it because they have a secondary weapon and they always switch to swords when ordered to attack.
Finally, the class does not seem to be doing anything significant.
A class Light or Heavy unit, with spear attribute will receive bonuses.
A class spearmen without the spear attribute will not receive bonuses.
So...what "class" does really elludes me at this time.
Also, still remains to be confirmed if the "spear_bonus_x" attribute, actually gives some type of bonus even if it does not appear on the unit's info.
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