1) B. For the same reason as Ignoramus. We're the crown prince, we need to assert that we have the authority to back it.

2) A. The Greeks are the best heavy infantry in the world. It makes little sense to recruit its skirmishers when the enemy will have far superiors skirmishers anyways. Additionally, they will have no way to adequately counter the phalanxes.

3) A. Naval warfare at this time was all about speed and ramming. Triremes need to be quicker and smaller. Larger ships aren't as nimble, and can't reach the ramming speeds that the Greek ships can.

4) B-Corinth. Corinth occupies a very nice strategic poing between Athens and Sparta. It gives easy access from all points, and can act a harbor for ships as well.