In fact linothorax was harder to penetrate with an arrow than chain mail, although the padding under the chain mail might have evened the odds so what).
Depends what type of arrowhead gets used

But anyway EB has found a good compromise considering all the game restrictions. Large area coverage is most important for armor to be of use against massed archery as the Kataphraktoi and other steppe warriors have shown us.

Javelins should be well suited to penetrate thanks to their momentum, but there are of course various types of spearheads and various sizes so it is hard to generalize. On could argue for example that the framae a dual-use spear, being long, heavy and fitted with a slender spearhead would fall into the same class as the pilum as far as penetratin is concerned. But EB balances this by given the germanic warriors a markedly higher attack.

Cheers
OA