Well the sources are unanimous in describing Xanthippus as either a "Spartan" or as a "Lakedaemon", having been "brought up in the Spartan discipline", and strongly suggest that he was a Spartiate and that he arrived as the leader of a significant company of mercenaries.Did Xanthippos arrive with Spartan troops? I was always under the impression he was there alone or with only a very small group.
While these mercenaries were likely a miscelleny of Greek mercenary hoplites (the Peloponnese, particularly Arcadia and Achaea being rich recruiting grounds for Greek mercs).
So the EB version of Xanthippos, depicting him and his men as Spartans, is likely a stretch, but I think there is enough historical material to justify it, as it makes the game a historically richer and more entertaining experience.
"Just about this time there arrived at Carthage one of the recruiting-officers they had formerly dispatched to Greece, bringing a considerable number of soldiers and among them a certain Xanthippus of Lacedaemon, a man who had been brought up in the Spartan discipline, and had had a fair amount of military experience" (Polybius, 1.32.1).
In the person of Regulus, Fortuna wanted to to give an example of both sides of fate: he was defeated and captured by Xanthippus, a Spartan leader that had been invited by the Carthaginians to support them" (Livy, 18.255.2).
"the Carthaginians, considering that their misfortunes were due to bad generalship, asked the Lacedaemonians to send them a commander. The Lacedaemonians sent them Xanthippus." (Appian, 3.2).
"... various allies came to the Carthaginians, among them Xanthippus from Sparta. This man assumed absolute authority over the Carthaginians, since the populace was eager to entrust matters to his charge and Hamilcar together with the other officials stepped aside voluntarily" (Zonaras, 11.13).
H.
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