Say musket vs bow, or xbow vs bow, as I'v said the xbow is like an automatic gearsystem, not like an improved one.
I dont know why I use cars as examples.
The reason that xbows(and later muskets) mecame popular was that in europe there were no really skilled native archers(exept in england) so they had to be trained and it was expensive and time consuming, and noone did have the experience to train good archers anyway, so a well trained european archer would get a bit more skilled at standing shooting, (while falling of his horse when horse shooting) than a tribal turkoman huntsman, but everyone that could afford it(or got it) could with little training get good with an xbow, but a lifetime trained xbowman could never stand up to a lifetimetrained archer, but in europe there were no good trainers, or people that grew up with bows(again exept england) so what they did was taking some men, training them to be good marksmen and give them to the army(same with muskets, it was even easier to train a gunman, but the gun was less effective than an xbow)
The crossbow had also the advantage that it could stay loaded, so when the enemies were in range they could fire first.
And the main reason for the invention was to penetrate heavy armors more easily, it required skilled shooters first the thought because they didnt have the time to reload, so first shot was crucial.
The pope(and I suppose the french king) tried to ban xbows because it allowed a nearly untrained militiaman to kill a well trained knight, so it was seen as unhonourus to use xbows(just as the knights later looked at guns)
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