That is IMHO a myth. It can often occur that you declare war on a big faction and invade several of their provinces at once and win big victories then end the turn and his ships attack and sink all of your fleets. This is because the advantage is with the attacker in naval engagements. If you declare war on land the enemy will immediately react at sea and attack all of your fleets. This is what gives the impression of doing well on land and doing badly at sea. It has happened to me on numerous occasions. To safeguard against it, before you hit end turn after your victorious land battles have a look out to sea and set all of your fleets to attack the enemys'. The result will be quite different (unless he outnumbers you and his fleets are obviously superior).
Speed is big a factor for the AI. When attacked by the AI fleets you will not know about it. No pre battle parchment will appear informing you, it will just happen and then show the result - so escaping for the human player is not an option. Because in MTW the player moves first and the AI can react to this (cheat), the AI sees where and what your ships are attacking and can choose to fight or flee to another sea zone (move). When the AI moves it's fleet out to avoid the attacker a calculation is made on the speed of the two fleets, and usually, though not always the faster fleet escapes.
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