Unfortunely I can not write a lengthy reply, it is Xmas Eve! (Merry Xmas btw!) But I shall answer what I can;

Well, at that point we end up at the age-old debate on the influence of events on the course of history. In your examples quoted above: yes, as things happened particular battles had an impact on when things changed, but it's essential not to lose sight of the fact that those battles were the products of circumstance and process. I don't want to come across as determinist here, which I'm not, but I don't believe battles by and large have the impact you credit them with. What, exactly, would have been the added impact of a longer Napoleonic Empire or a delayed or even absent Norman conquest of Britain? Do you think that would have significantly changed later processes?
Some people, yes may not have changed history. Again, Napoleon is a prime example. THe Revoulution was the time of great change, if he was not asked to rise up and help, I am sure someone else would've. We might have had the French Empire ruled by a bloke called de Roi or someone.

But, some people definetly DID change history, it is undeniable. In 1918, the German Empire was destroyed and poor. They had resticrtion set upon them by the Allies. At first they had a Republic, and were greatly affected by Communism, but if there had've been not Fascist party led by Hitler, then Germany would not have dipped into such a Government.

my point is basiclly, a result of events are a major combination of crucial events, people and wars. No WWI, no Fascist Germany, no today. No Viking wars, no Hastings, no modern England.

In the case of the Ottoman Empire, although it didn't fall for some time, exactly how much further did it expand? It appears you see the failure of the siege of Vienna as the cause of a checked Ottoman expansion; I see it as the result of longer running problems and a symptom of the checked Ottoman expansion.
From then on, the Turk did not gain much in Europe, true. But they did expand quite much in North Africa and other places from then on until they and Spain agreed not to go to war. I also know they attempted another Siege of Vienna, much larger, and nearly won but the timely arrival of King Jan Sobeski's Polish Army stopped them. So my answer, they did expand.

I don't know a lot about Tours unfortunely, or I would argue the point furhter. I am not arguging for the sake of arguing, I am just insanely interested in early modern history.