Of course, most information beyond name, date of birth, and place of residence is not necessary for this purpose, so the contents of the current census go beyond the bounds of the Constitutional requirement. Just remember that a basic, minimum census of some kind is required in order for our governmental system to work.
Well, how else are you going to determine the most effective electoral boundaries?

About the Netherlands, it's been tried a couple of times here since WWII but they're not well received by the public. The last one was in the late 70'ties I believe, accompanied with massive protests and thousends of forms were returned with false information.