Materia Celtica

**Elmetiacos** · 03-30-2008, 17:43

1 - Personal Names for Britons and Goidels

I don't really understand exactly how the names file works, but I can see it contains some odd things, mainly left over from vanilla RTW. Modern Welsh is mixed up with Latin (in one or two cases the same name appears in Welsh and Latin forms) and some incorrect material was added.

Here are some attested names of Britons, some "re-Celticised" from Latin:
Male: Addedomaros Antedios Caratacos Cingetorixs Cogidubnos Cunobelinos Cunomoltos Diras Dumnoceveros Epaticcu Epillos Esuprastos Iovir Lugotorixs Tincomarus Vellocatus Volisios Vosenios

and here are some more from coins where the name was abbreviated. In two cases it's obvious what the full name was, in others they're educated guesses:
Bodvocavaros Cartivellaunos Coriovanos Dumnovellaunos

Heree are names I made up out of known Celtic elements. I noted a tendency (only a tendency, not a hard and fast rule) in giving men names to do with people, animals and physical attributes ("Warrior King", "Hound of Battle", "Girth like Esus") whereas in women names to do with locations and ideas ("Victory", "White Path") I've reflected this (possible) tendency in the elements I've chosen.
Male: Boudisser Catacodantos Catugratios Corcagnos Cumovallos Cunogustus Cunomaros Domacos Dornoduros Ennatomaros Glunomaros Hariovellaunos Inogustus Lugetios Orbogarios Orbogenos Ordovallos Penaxtovaros Rocrimoteros Rounos Senacos Slougorixs Tardovicos Teytorixs Teytovallos Tigernacos Ulcagnos Vidogidas Vodvodanos

Female (only 3 or 4 are atttested): Aiduabu Boudicca Boudivena Brigantognatis Brivobriga Cartimandu Casnavinda Catubrana Cistuvinda Coriocruta Cunoarda Dervagnata Dinudragina Hedennoprista Lavenia Leyca Lugra Matumerca Romelisti Salia Saliariganis Samoriganis Senovara Sitostarna Fravoduba Teytariganis Verctissa Vicopillima Vindosibra

Now surnames - what we have from inscriptions suggests that Britons used two surnames; a patronymic and a tribal name, so if you were Vosenios from the Iceni and your father was Epillos, your full name would be *Vosenios Epilli Icenos. Recycling some names with the genitive case and adding a tribe, we could have: Addedomari Cassos; Antedioi Cantiacos; Carataci Cassos;
Cingetorigos Demeti; Cogidubni Cassos; Cunobelini Trinovants; Dirâs Cassos; Dumnoceveri Brigants; Epaticcous Cassos; Epilli Cornovios; Esuprasti Cassos; Ioveros Silur; Lugotorigos Cassos; Tincomarous Icenos; Vellocati Cassos; Volisioi Parisos; Vosenioi Cassos

I've assumed half the names will belong to the Casse/Cassi, the rest to other tribes.

That's all for the Britons. Liberties I've taken - I've assumed the proto-Celtic *Ø- was still pronounced as /h/ in Brythonic and Irish. Carlos Jordan Colera notes that PIE *eu eventually became u in Brythonic, so I've assumed fronting happened before levelling and changed Gaulish ou < *eu into ey, with the Y meant to represent an ü sound. I've also speculated that -ntes tribal names were dental stems.

Here are some early Irish names; a mixture of names from the Ogham inscriptions and reconstructed forms of modern Irish names - all male, I don't think we need Eleutheroi females(?) : Actos Alattos Breswalas Brocagnas Ceranas Cunacamas Cunalegas Dumnowalas Glannanas Glasicu Irccitos Ivagenos Lugnas Lugudeccs Neitslas Qasignias Tigernacas Uorgos
(in there are the ancient forms of the Irish names Breasal, Broccán, Domhnal, Eoghan, Niall and Tighearnán)

On the Ogham inscriptions, second names are simple patronymics or else in the form MAQI MUCOI (of the son of the tribe of...) hence: Maqas Breswali; Maqas Cerani; Maqas Cunalegi; Maqas Dumnowali; Maqas Glasiconi; Maqas Ivageni; Maqas Lugni; Maqas Mucoi Ebdana; Maqas Mucoi Gangana; Maqas Mucoi Iwerna; Maqas Mucoi Robogda; Maqas Mucoi Wolunta; Maqas Qasigni; Maqas Tigernaci

There's no Q or W in Irish now, of course, but Q is the value of an Ogham letter and it's generally acknowledged that W became F in the 7th Century.
Caveat - even the Ogham inscriptions are 500 years after the EB timeline.

Some useful web sources
A list of Celtic roots here: http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/ext...cs/MoE-PCl.pdf
A list of Romano-British names here: http://www.asnc.cam.ac.uk/personalnames/
Gaulish & Brythonic names analysed here (in French): http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encycl...iques-3630.htm

Next I'll focus on Gaulish and Celtiberian names. It gets a bit complicated...

EDIT: I've mistakenly put a couple of Irish names in the genitive.

**Elmetiacos** · 03-30-2008, 17:58

Actually, should I move this to the "EB Unofficial Mods" sub-forum?
And spot my mistake in the Irish names...

**blitzkrieg80** · 03-30-2008, 19:13

This looks like a good start and something useful

I must warn you that I have not changed Germanic character names, even when innacurate, because the scripts and desc_strat refer to them and can screw up- so keep this in mind... traits are another story, since they have a text file in the data/text which uses internal names separately... similarly the other text files can be editted.

**Elmetiacos** · 03-31-2008, 01:50

2 - Personal Names for Gauls & Celtiberians

This post deals with Gaulish and Celtiberian personal names. There are lots of Gaulish names written down, so there's no need to resort to inventing any from hypothetical Celtic roots. Once again L'Arbre Celtique is a good online source.

Gaulish (male) names taken from coins:
Abucatos Acutios Alaucos Annicoios Atectorixs Cantorixs Casios Cattos Cisiambos Contoutos Diasulos Ducomaros Durnacos Elcesovixs Epênos Exobnos Maupennos Orcetirixs Togirixs Turonos

More coin names, but these are from Pannonia. I know EB has this region as Celtic, but I don't know whether it's been given its own language. If not, these names can be mixed up with the main (French) Gaulish ones - or used for Galatians? :
Adnamatos Ainorixs Biatecus Bussumarus Cobisovomarus Cobrovomarus Coviomarus Iantomarus

More Gaulish names from other inscriptions (a few may be "Lepontic") I've tried to avoid ones from Latin inscriptions, lest they be too Romanised.
Male:
Adgennorixs Aððedilos Aicuvindos Acisios Alcuinios Anarevisios Andecamulos Aneunos Andocombogios Aricanos Attaiorixs Belgos Bellatorixs Blandovicu Boios Bonnorixs Bratronos Bristas Caliodubnos Camulogenos Cassitalos Catumocus Circos Comios Corisios Cunorixs Dagorixs Dobnoredos Doiros Drutos Dumnomotos Eluscu Escanecotos Escengolatos Esopnos Giapos Iccavos Illanuios Ioincorixs Ivorixs Labrios Latumaros Litumaros Maclonos Magalos Magiorixs Missucos Mogunos Nantonios Oclos Ogrigenos Onnos Orgetorixs Otiorixs Rextugenos Rianorixs Ritacos Samognatios Samoricos Saunos Sedagisamos Segomaros Sentubogios Silus Sintorixs Sosimilos Tancorixs Tanotalos Tabetiscos Tascos Tincorixs Tôtanorixs Tôtissos Vlidorixs Varsileos Vebrumaros Versuos Veretomaros Versios Vindios Vonatorixs Vrittacos

These three are Pannoian, as above -
Adginnos Andebrocirixs Eliomarus

Female:
Abdugisse Adiega Aia Aleastumara Argentâ Asmina Atebodua Bennuca Bodiaca Camulognata Cintugena Congonna Derceia Devognata Divogna Eppa Escinga Iantuna Magana Matugena Nemetogena Nitiogena Oxidubna Ritumara Roveta Sapsuta Suadilia Suadugena Tincomara Venimara Vixuvionna Vlatucia

Gaulish surnames are complicated. They are patronymics, but it's not as simple as just taking the genitive case of the father's name. There are 8 patronymic suffixes; -ios, -iai, -iacos, -icnos, -icna, -eos, -ia and -ea. But nowhere can I find exactly how you match each one to a given name. I had a transcript of Karin Stüber's presentation Effects of Language Contact on Roman & Gaulish Personal Names for the 13th ICCS and now it seems to have vanished from the Web... Bah. They seem to be masculine and feminine but RTW women don't get surnames, so this leaves us -ios, -iacos, -icnos, -eos. The only thing I can do is assign -ios to -os endings, -iacos to -ios endings, -icnos to -ixs endings and -eos to any others. I bet this isn't what the Gauls did at all, but I'm at a loss. This gives us the following as Gaulish surnames:
Adgennoricnos Aicuvindios Alcuiniacos Andecamulios Aricanios Attaioricnos Belgios Blandoviceos Boiacos Bratronios Bristeos Camulogenios Cassitalios Circios Comiacos Cunoricnos Dobnoredios Drutios Elusceos Escanecotios Esopnios Giapios Iccavios Ivoricnos Latumarios Maclonios Magioricnos Mogunios Oclios Onnios Otioricnos Rianoricnos Samognatiacos Saunios Segomarios Sileos Sosimilios Tanotalios Tascios Totanoricnos Vebrumarios Versiacos Vindiacos Vrittacios

Now onto the Celtiberians. Fortunately, this lot are Eleutheroi and so don't need many names. Carlos Jordan Colera's Celtiberian grammar is a must-have and should be downloadable from E-Keltoi. It is a really good summary of what's known so far, written only last year. Warning - this is a really technical
paper for linguists (or at least language nerds like me...)
Names: Bistiros Buntalos Guandos Irorekios Kambarinos Kilikos Letuikos Lubos Monitukos Namaios Nertobriks Rektugenos Sekilakos Tritanos Tullos

Surnames seem to be related to tribes or towns, although patronymics sometimes appear as well:
Abulokum Alizokum Atulikum Buntunes Lastiko Letontunos Obios Sekilakos Setantunos Veniakum Visalikum

Rektugenos - almost the same as the Gaulish name, above...
Setantunos - if this is a name, adherents of a particular theory of Irish history will love it.

Lots of Celtiberian inscriptions seem to be love tokens, so we probably have more female than male names recorded. Which is no good to EB.

**blitzkrieg80** · 03-31-2008, 02:13

[sttupid me] bleh

**Sarcasm** · 03-31-2008, 02:36

Originally Posted by Elmetiacos

[B][SIZE="4"]Surnames seem to be related to tribes or towns, although patronymics sometimes appear as well:
Abulokum Alizokum Atulikum Buntunes Lastiko Letontunos Obios Sekilakos Setantunos Veniakum Visalikum

Rektugenos - almost the same as the Gaulish name, above...
Setantunos - if this is a name, adherents of a particular theory of Irish history will love it.

Lots of Celtiberian inscriptions seem to be love tokens, so we probably have more female than male names recorded. Which is no good to EB.

I actually already have most of the names you have here, from the botorrita plates, under different transliterations on the current EB version. Some of these last you posted, the ones that end in -kum are most definitely identifying clans or tribes, not towns (not in the strict sense anyway), while those that end in -nos/-os/-s aren't necessarily patronymics, even though I assumed they were in my work just the same.

There's quite a few ceramics that bear marks of ownership too, so there's probably more than enough male names for the Celtiberians, but not the case for females which I'm always lacking.

**cmacq** · 03-31-2008, 06:13

Fem suffix on a male name and just toss in the prefix for 'daughter of?' Or maybe leave the Fem part off altogether???

**Disciple of Tacitus** · 03-31-2008, 08:18

Yeah! Sarcasm and *pronounces slowly* Elmetiacos!

Two guys who know Iberian stuff! In the same thread! You (the collective you) have made my weekend. Now questions (of the simple sort)...

From Elmetiacos...

Carlos Jordan Colera's Celtiberian grammar is a must-have and should be downloadable from E-Keltoi.

Ok. will look into that. Thanks. Is it ... free ... ?

From Sarcasm...

I actually already have most of the names you have here, from the botorrita plates, under different transliterations on the current EB version.

Can I infer, Sir, that you have had a hand in the naming of the various Lusotanni (sp) FMs? If so, where would I find a list of the family names so as to create a workable "ruling tribes" spreadsheet for my upcoming campaign.

And ... as I have not yet purchased your last 2 book suggestions (one of them was $100+ !!) where do you rate Antonio Arribas' "The Iberians". I am currently reading it. I believe it to be horribly dated (aka - old), but perhaps a good foundation for a budding Ibero-History buff.

Much thanks!

**Elmetiacos** · 03-31-2008, 15:36

Eek! I don't know much Celtiberian stuff at all!

I wondered if the Lusitanians might use some Celtiberian names... What have been discovered are lots of little bronze animals with the inscription "KAR" and someone's name, often a woman, although it can be a whole town or tribe. This element is usually translated as "friendship". Colera also speculates that Abaliu and Sleitiu could be feminine names. Here are some "KAR" token names but I don't know if they're actually women:
Arkailika Atikika Eliaka Ikurbika Kateraikina Koitina Libiaka Oilaunika Okelaka Routaikina Virouaka Uskika Ventana