I did some testing today. Since phalangitai are so well armored that the AI will not waste any ammo on them in 1vs1 custom battles, I did some modding first.
Klerouchikoi Phalangitai: defence 1,1,5 (armor,skill,shield)
Saka Foot Archers: secondary attack 1, defence 0,0,0, unit size 42 on huge (in order to discourage melee)
I did 8 battles, 4 using phalanx mode and 4 without phalanx mode.
I noted the casualties once the archers had exhausted their ammunition.
No maneuvering except for approach of archers; flat terrain.
When I used phalanx mode, the AI archers managed to shoot: 17/19/22/17 phalangitai
When I didn't use phalanx, the AI archers managed to shoot: 40/30/36/42 phalangitai
My conclusion: it seems to be plausible that phalanx mode does increase the effective shield value.
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