This is a world wide phenomenon with very few exceptions people in cities have less children.
Couple of key factors:
Cost of housing. Unless you are comfortable living under the same roof as your in laws then you need your own place to be attractive to a mate.
Competition... And this is one of the factors that apply to countryside is TVs show idealistic lifestyles that people attempt to have. Soaps in rural India have dropped birth rates as women (and men) desire the good life.
Education. Higher educated women have less children. They also normally have to pay for that education. Meaning they start work later in life and work longer. They then expect a partner who is equal or better.
All cities are showing a slowing down of birth rates. Cities are energy efficient, vibrant, dangerous and exciting... Who needs kids? Becomes the norm. Japan is just one of the countries at the leading edge of this trend. Which as a high density (expensive housing), highly educated workforce who are focused on continous improvent fit the bill for reduced birth rates.
So do EU cities, look at the birth rates in Italy for instance. I'm even sure Greek cities have a declining birth rates.
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