"Warfare in the Classical World", by John Warry, includes a few mentions of this (but only in the "illustrated encyclopedia" edition, as far as I can tell).

For example, he explains ranks in the basic 16x16 Macedonian syntagma phalanx unit, as cited by Asclepiodotus in the 1st century BC:
  • Standard file leader was a lochagos, every second file was led by a dilochites, every fourth by a tetrarch, every eighth by a taxiarch, and all sixteen by the syntagmatarch (so across the front of the phalanx you have a total of 1 syntagmatarch, 1 taxiarch, 2 tetrach, 4 dilochites, and 8 lochargos)
  • Within a single file of sixteen men, the second-in-command (ouragos) is at the rear. There's a hemilochites halfway back, and two enomotarchs one-quarter and three-quarters of the way back.


According to Warry, exact details of ranks in the Spartan army change depending on whether you believe Thucydides or Xenophon. Thucydides said 4 files of 8 men are an enomotia commanded by an enomotarch, four enomotiai are a pentekostys commanded by a pentekonter, four pentekostyes are a lochos commanded by a lochagos, and seven lochoi are an army. Xenophon said there are two only enomotiai per pentekostys, two pentekosytes per lochos, four lochoi make a mora commanded by a polemarch, and six morae in the army.