why are most factions poor?

[athanaric]

AS requires too much macro and micro for a beginner to be comfortable with IMO. Macedon is a gamble, as are KH and Baktria. I'd recommend Carthage or Rome, both have fairly unique units and a powerful economy, as well as an easy start. I believe the OP could actually succeed with his start as Saba, if he adjusts his style accordingly. Their economy isn't super strong, but decent enough to make up for a few botched early turns. Plus once you have conquered two settlements, Saba should be getting positive income.

Actually the one faction with the most "horrible startig debt" potential is Lusitania, I believe. They start with four or so extremely expensive units of elite cavalry which are good later on in the campaign (against elephants or for harassing slow Carthaginian/Roman units), but almost useless at the start.